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<p>Stored grain insect pests, typically considered detrimental to food security, can be used as a valuable source of biopolymer. In this study, chitin (TCI) and chitosan (TC) were extracted from <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>, with yields of 21.16 and 9.79%, respectively. FTIR and XRD showed characteristic peaks of chitin and chitosan. SEM revealed heterogenous surface morphology. TGA thermograms of TCI and TC exhibited primary decomposition peaks at 363 and 313&#xa0;°C, respectively, reflecting the greater thermal stability of TCI. The DSC thermograms showed exothermic transitions at 379 and 319&#xa0;°C for TCI and TC, respectively. TC was 100% soluble with degree of deacetylation (DD) of 86.64% and Molecular weight (M<sub>v</sub>) of 281.11&#xa0;kDa. Commercial shrimp chitosan (CC) was 98% soluble with DD of 78.26% and M<sub>v</sub> of 675.32&#xa0;kDa. TC exhibited strong antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 8.9 ± 0.4 to 7 ± 0.5&#xa0;mm across representative Gram-positive, Gram-negative and fungal strains, comparable to CC, which showed 8.5 ± 0.3 to 5.4 ± 0.2&#xa0;mm (p &lt; 0.05). Both TC and CC demonstrated similar minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations. At lower concentrations, TC inhibited microbial growth more effectively than CC at 24, 48 and 72&#xa0;h. At a concentration of 5&#xa0;mg/mL, TC exhibited greater DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of 47.46 and 30.27%, respectively, compared to CC (15.16 and 26.75%). Thus, the conversion of pest biomass into antimicrobial and antioxidant chitosan represents a sustainable strategy for valorizing insects as a source of bioactive materials with biomedical applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Valorization and characterization of a novel bioactive chitosan derived from the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月16日

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  • Manickkam Jayakumar,
  • Kannan Keerthika,
  • Priyanath Indu

摘要

Stored grain insect pests, typically considered detrimental to food security, can be used as a valuable source of biopolymer. In this study, chitin (TCI) and chitosan (TC) were extracted from Tribolium castaneum, with yields of 21.16 and 9.79%, respectively. FTIR and XRD showed characteristic peaks of chitin and chitosan. SEM revealed heterogenous surface morphology. TGA thermograms of TCI and TC exhibited primary decomposition peaks at 363 and 313 °C, respectively, reflecting the greater thermal stability of TCI. The DSC thermograms showed exothermic transitions at 379 and 319 °C for TCI and TC, respectively. TC was 100% soluble with degree of deacetylation (DD) of 86.64% and Molecular weight (Mv) of 281.11 kDa. Commercial shrimp chitosan (CC) was 98% soluble with DD of 78.26% and Mv of 675.32 kDa. TC exhibited strong antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 8.9 ± 0.4 to 7 ± 0.5 mm across representative Gram-positive, Gram-negative and fungal strains, comparable to CC, which showed 8.5 ± 0.3 to 5.4 ± 0.2 mm (p < 0.05). Both TC and CC demonstrated similar minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations. At lower concentrations, TC inhibited microbial growth more effectively than CC at 24, 48 and 72 h. At a concentration of 5 mg/mL, TC exhibited greater DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of 47.46 and 30.27%, respectively, compared to CC (15.16 and 26.75%). Thus, the conversion of pest biomass into antimicrobial and antioxidant chitosan represents a sustainable strategy for valorizing insects as a source of bioactive materials with biomedical applications.

Graphical Abstract