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<p>The design and development of economical adsorbents for dye removal is a significant focus in wastewater treatment. Biological waste must be transformed into valuable resources for environmental and economic sustainability One typical technique for color removal from water is adsorption. This research aims to synthesize quaternary P-O-T/ZnF/CS/MPS nanocomposites (NCs) by a chemical polymerization method. The NCs consist of zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnF NPs) and modified peanut shells (MPS) that have been coated with poly ortho-toluidine (P-O-T) and infused with chitosan (CS). Utilizing the NCs facilitated the removal of Brilliant Green (BGR) and Acid Red (ARE1). The highest removal efficiency of 99.60% was achieved at pH = 2 for ARE1 and pH = 6 for BGR, utilizing an adsorbent dosage of 7.50&#xa0;mg; the concentrations of ARE1 and BGR were 20&#xa0;mg/L and 5&#xa0;mg/L, respectively, with a contact duration of 60&#xa0;min. The adsorption kinetics conformed to the pseudo-second-order model (R²=0.99 for both ARE1 and BGR). The dye desorption by NCs is characterized as endothermic and spontaneous based on thermodynamic parameters. The quaternary nanocrystals can be recreated four times without significant alterations to their adsorption properties. Furthermore, they can eliminate 92–99% of dyes from authentically polluted water sources. The study presents a feasible approach for the large-scale synthesis of innovative adsorbents for water filtration.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Upcycling waste peanut shells into O-Toluidine-Grafted Chitosan-Decorated zinc ferrite nanocomposites for sustainable removal of hazardous dyes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Dina F. Katowah,
  • Mohamed A. Abdel-Fadeel

摘要

The design and development of economical adsorbents for dye removal is a significant focus in wastewater treatment. Biological waste must be transformed into valuable resources for environmental and economic sustainability One typical technique for color removal from water is adsorption. This research aims to synthesize quaternary P-O-T/ZnF/CS/MPS nanocomposites (NCs) by a chemical polymerization method. The NCs consist of zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnF NPs) and modified peanut shells (MPS) that have been coated with poly ortho-toluidine (P-O-T) and infused with chitosan (CS). Utilizing the NCs facilitated the removal of Brilliant Green (BGR) and Acid Red (ARE1). The highest removal efficiency of 99.60% was achieved at pH = 2 for ARE1 and pH = 6 for BGR, utilizing an adsorbent dosage of 7.50 mg; the concentrations of ARE1 and BGR were 20 mg/L and 5 mg/L, respectively, with a contact duration of 60 min. The adsorption kinetics conformed to the pseudo-second-order model (R²=0.99 for both ARE1 and BGR). The dye desorption by NCs is characterized as endothermic and spontaneous based on thermodynamic parameters. The quaternary nanocrystals can be recreated four times without significant alterations to their adsorption properties. Furthermore, they can eliminate 92–99% of dyes from authentically polluted water sources. The study presents a feasible approach for the large-scale synthesis of innovative adsorbents for water filtration.

Graphical abstract