<p>Polybenzoxazines (PBzs) are a well-established class of phenolic resins synthesized through the thermal ring-opening of benzoxazine monomers, which feature a six-membered heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms that act as Lewis base sites in the polymer network. In this study, two conventional PBz systems, poly(2&#xa0;N-ab) and poly(P-pt), were investigated for their structural and thermal behaviors upon coordination with selected metal ions (Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Th<sup>4+</sup>, and Cd<sup>2+</sup>). FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed successful metal coordination and structural rearrangements within the polymer matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that coordination with Th<sup>4+</sup> significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the PBz hybrids, as evidenced by notable increases in the temperatures at 5% weight loss (Td<sub>5</sub>) and 10% weight loss (Td<sub>10</sub>). Specifically, poly(2&#xa0;N-ab)/Th<sup>4+</sup> exhibited Td<sub>5</sub> and Td<sub>10</sub> values of 294&#xa0;°C and 448&#xa0;°C, respectively, markedly higher than 227&#xa0;°C and 260&#xa0;°C for the unmodified polymer. Similarly, poly(P-pt)/Th<sup>4+</sup> showed improvements from 150 to 192&#xa0;°C to 250 and 355&#xa0;°C. The char yield at 800&#xa0;°C also substantially increased, rising from 5% to 83% for poly(2&#xa0;N-ab)/Th<sup>4+</sup> and from 1% to 76% for poly(P-pt)/Th<sup>4+</sup>, indicating enhanced residue formation and thermal robustness. Mn<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> complexes similarly improved the thermal degradation resistance and char yield, although to a lesser extent than Th<sup>4+</sup>. These findings highlight the strong metal–polymer interactions and crosslinking effects that reinforce the thermal integrity of PBz-metal hybrids, making them promising materials for high-performance applications.</p>

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Synthesis and characterization of polybenzoxazine–metal hybrids and evaluation of their thermal property

  • Mahmoud A. Abdelkawy,
  • Abdalla M. Khedr

摘要

Polybenzoxazines (PBzs) are a well-established class of phenolic resins synthesized through the thermal ring-opening of benzoxazine monomers, which feature a six-membered heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms that act as Lewis base sites in the polymer network. In this study, two conventional PBz systems, poly(2 N-ab) and poly(P-pt), were investigated for their structural and thermal behaviors upon coordination with selected metal ions (Mn2+, Th4+, and Cd2+). FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed successful metal coordination and structural rearrangements within the polymer matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that coordination with Th4+ significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the PBz hybrids, as evidenced by notable increases in the temperatures at 5% weight loss (Td5) and 10% weight loss (Td10). Specifically, poly(2 N-ab)/Th4+ exhibited Td5 and Td10 values of 294 °C and 448 °C, respectively, markedly higher than 227 °C and 260 °C for the unmodified polymer. Similarly, poly(P-pt)/Th4+ showed improvements from 150 to 192 °C to 250 and 355 °C. The char yield at 800 °C also substantially increased, rising from 5% to 83% for poly(2 N-ab)/Th4+ and from 1% to 76% for poly(P-pt)/Th4+, indicating enhanced residue formation and thermal robustness. Mn2+ and Cd2+ complexes similarly improved the thermal degradation resistance and char yield, although to a lesser extent than Th4+. These findings highlight the strong metal–polymer interactions and crosslinking effects that reinforce the thermal integrity of PBz-metal hybrids, making them promising materials for high-performance applications.