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<p>This study presents the successful preparation of polyaniline/zinc oxide (PANI/ZnO)-modified polystyrene (PS) membranes for wastewater filtration. The PANI/ZnO nanocomposite was synthesized using the in situ oxidative polymerization method. The pristine PS, PS/PANI, and PS/PANI/ZnO asymmetric membranes were produced using the non-solvent-induced phase inversion separation (NIPS) method. Zeta potential measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis were employed to characterize the prepared nanofillers. The membranes were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), XRD, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle (CA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the effects of the blended nanofillers within the polymeric matrix. The results revealed that a dispersible composite of PANI one-dimensional structure with an average diameter of 45&#xa0;nm, aligned with an average of 20&#xa0;nm ZnO particles, was added successfully to the PS membrane. The PS/PANI/ZnO-1 membrane showed the highest thermal stability, withstanding a maximum of 378&#xa0;°C as compared to the PS membrane of only 290&#xa0;°C. The water permeability and antifouling properties were also evaluated. The results indicated that after adding 1 wt.% of PANI/ZnO nanoparticles, the CA significantly decreased from 70 for pristine PS to 30° for the PS/PANI/ZnO-1 membrane. In terms of water permeability, there was an increase in PWF for PS/PANI/ZnO-1 membrane of 30 Lm2hr from 7.9 Lm2hr for the pristine PS membrane. Additionally, the findings demonstrated enhanced membrane porosity following the addition of 1 wt.% of PANI/ZnO. In terms of filtration performance, the PS/PANI/ZnO-1 membrane achieved impressive dye rejection rates of 92% for methylene blue (MB) and 86% for methyl orange (MO) dyes, respectively. In contrast, the pristine PS membrane displayed dye rejection rates of 68% for MB and 53% for MO. Furthermore, the modified PS/PANI/ZnO-1 membrane exhibited superior fouling resistance with a fractional recovery flux (FRR) of 90%. The improvement in filtration performance after adding the PANI/ZnO composite is due to the increased active sites on the membrane surface, better membrane structure, and the enhanced interaction between the PANI and ZnO molecules with the chosen organic pollutants.</p>

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PANI/ZnO nanocomposite-modified polystyrene membrane for wastewater filtration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月19日

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  • Atusaye G. Sichali,
  • Hussien Noby,
  • Hiroshi Naragino,
  • Tsuyoshi Yoshitake,
  • Ahmed H. El-Shazly

摘要

This study presents the successful preparation of polyaniline/zinc oxide (PANI/ZnO)-modified polystyrene (PS) membranes for wastewater filtration. The PANI/ZnO nanocomposite was synthesized using the in situ oxidative polymerization method. The pristine PS, PS/PANI, and PS/PANI/ZnO asymmetric membranes were produced using the non-solvent-induced phase inversion separation (NIPS) method. Zeta potential measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis were employed to characterize the prepared nanofillers. The membranes were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), XRD, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle (CA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the effects of the blended nanofillers within the polymeric matrix. The results revealed that a dispersible composite of PANI one-dimensional structure with an average diameter of 45 nm, aligned with an average of 20 nm ZnO particles, was added successfully to the PS membrane. The PS/PANI/ZnO-1 membrane showed the highest thermal stability, withstanding a maximum of 378 °C as compared to the PS membrane of only 290 °C. The water permeability and antifouling properties were also evaluated. The results indicated that after adding 1 wt.% of PANI/ZnO nanoparticles, the CA significantly decreased from 70 for pristine PS to 30° for the PS/PANI/ZnO-1 membrane. In terms of water permeability, there was an increase in PWF for PS/PANI/ZnO-1 membrane of 30 Lm2hr from 7.9 Lm2hr for the pristine PS membrane. Additionally, the findings demonstrated enhanced membrane porosity following the addition of 1 wt.% of PANI/ZnO. In terms of filtration performance, the PS/PANI/ZnO-1 membrane achieved impressive dye rejection rates of 92% for methylene blue (MB) and 86% for methyl orange (MO) dyes, respectively. In contrast, the pristine PS membrane displayed dye rejection rates of 68% for MB and 53% for MO. Furthermore, the modified PS/PANI/ZnO-1 membrane exhibited superior fouling resistance with a fractional recovery flux (FRR) of 90%. The improvement in filtration performance after adding the PANI/ZnO composite is due to the increased active sites on the membrane surface, better membrane structure, and the enhanced interaction between the PANI and ZnO molecules with the chosen organic pollutants.