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<p>The growing threat of antibiotic resistance, as well as the demand for safer wound healing therapies, highlights the importance of biocompatible, antibacterial hydrogel dressings. Conventional hydrogels frequently have insufficient mechanical strength, drug loading efficiency and antibacterial activity. To overcome these constraints, this study created nanocomposite hydrogels from gelatin and modified gelatin that included metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to improve their functional capabilities. <i>Centella asiatica</i> and <i>Camellia sinensis</i> extracts, which have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and a low side effect profile, were loaded into the hydrogels. The prepared nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TGA techniques to evaluate their structural, chemical and thermal properties. Incorporation of MOFs significantly improved the hydrogels’ water absorption capacity. Gelatin hydrogels loaded with MIL-53(Al) and Zn(II)-MIL-53(Al) reached absorption capacities of 383.5&#xa0;g/g and 428.3&#xa0;g/g, respectively, compared to lower values in pure gelatin. GelMA hydrogels showed even greater enhancement, increasing from 400.1&#xa0;g/g (neat GelMA) to 612.3&#xa0;g/g and 486.7&#xa0;g/g with MIL-53(Al) and Zn(II)-MIL-53(Al), respectively. Structural characterization using FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TGA confirmed successful chemical modification, uniform dispersion of MOFs and improved thermal properties. Thermal degradation peaks shifted from 300&#xa0;°C (gelatin) and 299&#xa0;°C (GelMA) to 322–336&#xa0;°C and 340–352&#xa0;°C, respectively, with MOF incorporation. UV–Vis spectroscopy demonstrated a sustained release of herbal extracts over 72&#xa0;h at pH 7.4, achieving approximately 80% cumulative release. Antibacterial testing revealed clear zones of inhibition against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (18 ± 2&#xa0;mm) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (19 ± 3&#xa0;mm). Cytotoxicity testing via MTT assay indicated non-toxicity of hydrogels. These findings suggest that the prepared MOF-enhanced gelatin-based nanocomposite hydrogels, loaded with herbal extracts, are promising candidates for safe and effective antibacterial wound dressings.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Development of gelatin and modified gelatin hydrogels incorporated with aluminum-based metal–organic frameworks as a potential wound dressing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月3日

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  • Sepideh Hezari,
  • Ali Olad,
  • Azita Dilmaghani

摘要

The growing threat of antibiotic resistance, as well as the demand for safer wound healing therapies, highlights the importance of biocompatible, antibacterial hydrogel dressings. Conventional hydrogels frequently have insufficient mechanical strength, drug loading efficiency and antibacterial activity. To overcome these constraints, this study created nanocomposite hydrogels from gelatin and modified gelatin that included metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to improve their functional capabilities. Centella asiatica and Camellia sinensis extracts, which have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and a low side effect profile, were loaded into the hydrogels. The prepared nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TGA techniques to evaluate their structural, chemical and thermal properties. Incorporation of MOFs significantly improved the hydrogels’ water absorption capacity. Gelatin hydrogels loaded with MIL-53(Al) and Zn(II)-MIL-53(Al) reached absorption capacities of 383.5 g/g and 428.3 g/g, respectively, compared to lower values in pure gelatin. GelMA hydrogels showed even greater enhancement, increasing from 400.1 g/g (neat GelMA) to 612.3 g/g and 486.7 g/g with MIL-53(Al) and Zn(II)-MIL-53(Al), respectively. Structural characterization using FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TGA confirmed successful chemical modification, uniform dispersion of MOFs and improved thermal properties. Thermal degradation peaks shifted from 300 °C (gelatin) and 299 °C (GelMA) to 322–336 °C and 340–352 °C, respectively, with MOF incorporation. UV–Vis spectroscopy demonstrated a sustained release of herbal extracts over 72 h at pH 7.4, achieving approximately 80% cumulative release. Antibacterial testing revealed clear zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (18 ± 2 mm) and Escherichia coli (19 ± 3 mm). Cytotoxicity testing via MTT assay indicated non-toxicity of hydrogels. These findings suggest that the prepared MOF-enhanced gelatin-based nanocomposite hydrogels, loaded with herbal extracts, are promising candidates for safe and effective antibacterial wound dressings.

Graphical abstract