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<p>Nanogels, as three-dimensional nanoscale hydrogels, serve as versatile platforms for biomedical and drug delivery applications. They are designed for precise and controlled drug administration owing to their distinctive characteristics, which include a large surface area, high loading capacity, scalability, and stimuli-responsiveness. Composed of natural or synthetic polymers such as chitosan, poly(ethylene glycol), and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), nanogels leverage crosslinked polymeric networks to achieve stability, biocompatibility, and tailored functionality. These polymeric systems are particularly promising for next-generation therapies, including CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, cancer treatment, and central nervous system drug delivery. Special emphasis is placed on stimuli-responsive nanogels, which leverage environmental triggers (e.g., pH, temperature and redox potential) for site-specific drug release, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. Additionally, the integration of theranostic functionalities within nanogels bridges diagnostics and therapy, offering real-time monitoring and treatment. This review also highlights sustainable green chemistry approaches for nanogel synthesis, emphasizing eco-friendly polymeric design to reduce environmental impact. Despite their potential, clinical translation faces challenges such as scalability, stability, and regulatory hurdles. By addressing these limitations, polymeric nanogels hold transformative promise for precision medicine, offering a pathway to personalized and targeted therapeutics.</p>

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Nanogels as multifunctional platforms: from drug delivery to gene therapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月25日

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  • Alina Javaid,
  • Nadia Shamshad Malik,
  • Ume Ruqia Tulain,
  • Arshad Mahmood,
  • Muhammad Farhan Ali Khan,
  • Sohail Akram,
  • Asmaa Jabeen,
  • Sajjad Hussain

摘要

Nanogels, as three-dimensional nanoscale hydrogels, serve as versatile platforms for biomedical and drug delivery applications. They are designed for precise and controlled drug administration owing to their distinctive characteristics, which include a large surface area, high loading capacity, scalability, and stimuli-responsiveness. Composed of natural or synthetic polymers such as chitosan, poly(ethylene glycol), and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), nanogels leverage crosslinked polymeric networks to achieve stability, biocompatibility, and tailored functionality. These polymeric systems are particularly promising for next-generation therapies, including CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, cancer treatment, and central nervous system drug delivery. Special emphasis is placed on stimuli-responsive nanogels, which leverage environmental triggers (e.g., pH, temperature and redox potential) for site-specific drug release, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. Additionally, the integration of theranostic functionalities within nanogels bridges diagnostics and therapy, offering real-time monitoring and treatment. This review also highlights sustainable green chemistry approaches for nanogel synthesis, emphasizing eco-friendly polymeric design to reduce environmental impact. Despite their potential, clinical translation faces challenges such as scalability, stability, and regulatory hurdles. By addressing these limitations, polymeric nanogels hold transformative promise for precision medicine, offering a pathway to personalized and targeted therapeutics.