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<p>Cardiac tissue engineering aims to repair and regenerate injured heart muscle, and a key aspect of this involves designing scaffolds that support the formation of new tissue. While organic scaffolds derived from natural sources like chitosan, silk fibroin, and collagen offer excellent biocompatibility and mimic the native extracellular matrix, recent advancements highlight the critical importance of electrical conductivity in these materials. The heart's ability to contract synchronously relies on precise electrical signal propagation. By creating direct electrical and metabolic links between neighboring cells, conductive biomaterials are essential for the proper spread of electrical signals across laboratory-grown heart muscle. Therefore, integrating electrical conductivity into bio-scaffolds is crucial for cardiomyocyte function. This review explores the use of various bioorganic scaffolds in cardiac tissue engineering, discussing their fabrication methods, properties, and applications. Additionally, we discuss the importance of electrical conductivity in supporting cardiomyocyte function and explore the various materials used to create conductive scaffolds, including gold nanoparticles (GNPs), carbon-based materials (such as carbon nanotubes and graphene), and conductive polymers. We highlight the mechanism of conductive biomaterials that promote cardiac tissue engineering, and also the related limitations and potential clinical translation issues are discussed.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Polymeric bio-scaffolds in combination with conductive materials for cardiac tissue engineering

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月31日

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  • Wajida Ataallah Khidr,
  • Ali Fawzi Al-Hussainy,
  • Gaurav Sanghvi,
  • Suhas Ballal,
  • Abhayveer Singh,
  • A. Sabarivani,
  • Swati Mishra,
  • Jasur Rizaev,
  • Sada Ghalib Taher,
  • Mariem Alwan,
  • Mahmood Jawad,
  • Hiba Mushtaq

摘要

Cardiac tissue engineering aims to repair and regenerate injured heart muscle, and a key aspect of this involves designing scaffolds that support the formation of new tissue. While organic scaffolds derived from natural sources like chitosan, silk fibroin, and collagen offer excellent biocompatibility and mimic the native extracellular matrix, recent advancements highlight the critical importance of electrical conductivity in these materials. The heart's ability to contract synchronously relies on precise electrical signal propagation. By creating direct electrical and metabolic links between neighboring cells, conductive biomaterials are essential for the proper spread of electrical signals across laboratory-grown heart muscle. Therefore, integrating electrical conductivity into bio-scaffolds is crucial for cardiomyocyte function. This review explores the use of various bioorganic scaffolds in cardiac tissue engineering, discussing their fabrication methods, properties, and applications. Additionally, we discuss the importance of electrical conductivity in supporting cardiomyocyte function and explore the various materials used to create conductive scaffolds, including gold nanoparticles (GNPs), carbon-based materials (such as carbon nanotubes and graphene), and conductive polymers. We highlight the mechanism of conductive biomaterials that promote cardiac tissue engineering, and also the related limitations and potential clinical translation issues are discussed.

Graphical abstract