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Abstract <p>The complex chemical reactions required for producing modern drug delivery systems have largely hindered progress to develop effective targeted drug delivery systems for an extended period of time. Nanosponges have emerged as major development in the therapeutics sector, offering novel approaches to improving drug delivery systems. Nanosponges are three-dimensional drug delivery systems that are nanoscale in size and prepared by cross-linking cyclodextrins with different compounds. Nanosponges, a newly developed colloidal system, can address challenges such as decreased bioavailability, medication toxicity, and the widespread release of drugs by being adaptable to both hydrophilic and hydrophobic types of drugs. The discovery of nanosponge has been a key step toward addressing difficulties such as poor bioavailability, drug toxicity, and predictable medication release. The nanosponge-based drug delivery method is considered one of the most promising fields in pharmacy. They can travel around the body and adhere to the surface and release the drug in a regulated and predictable manner at the specific target site, and it has many uses in various disorders, including cancer, autoimmune disease, and enhanced bioavailability and stability. Microwave technology enhances nanosponge production, making it more efficient, environmentally friendly, and economical. This review discusses the merits and limitations, synthesis technique using green chemistry, characterization parameters, and applications of nanosponge.</p> Graphical abstract <p>The graphical abstract illustrates the&#xa0;nanosponges&#xa0;as effective drug carriers, highlighting their porous shape and high drug entrapment capacity. It highlights the microwave-assisted method as an environmentally friendly and time-efficient strategy that adheres to green chemistry principles and ensures drug formulation sustainability. Nanosponges have a variety of applications such as SARS-CoV-2 management, cancer therapy, and skin disease management, exhibiting their adaptability in targeted drug delivery. It also demonstrates the adaptability of nanosponge formulations to several dosage&#xa0;forms, such as oral, topical, parenteral, and inhalation, making them suitable for a variety of therapeutic applications</p>

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Microwave-enabled nanosponges: advancements through green chemistry and pharmaceutical applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月11日

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  • Priya Jindal,
  • Sachin Joshi,
  • Shreastha Gautam,
  • Ravi Raj Pal,
  • Preeti Patel,
  • Ghanshyam Das Gupta,
  • Balak Das Kurmi

摘要

Abstract

The complex chemical reactions required for producing modern drug delivery systems have largely hindered progress to develop effective targeted drug delivery systems for an extended period of time. Nanosponges have emerged as major development in the therapeutics sector, offering novel approaches to improving drug delivery systems. Nanosponges are three-dimensional drug delivery systems that are nanoscale in size and prepared by cross-linking cyclodextrins with different compounds. Nanosponges, a newly developed colloidal system, can address challenges such as decreased bioavailability, medication toxicity, and the widespread release of drugs by being adaptable to both hydrophilic and hydrophobic types of drugs. The discovery of nanosponge has been a key step toward addressing difficulties such as poor bioavailability, drug toxicity, and predictable medication release. The nanosponge-based drug delivery method is considered one of the most promising fields in pharmacy. They can travel around the body and adhere to the surface and release the drug in a regulated and predictable manner at the specific target site, and it has many uses in various disorders, including cancer, autoimmune disease, and enhanced bioavailability and stability. Microwave technology enhances nanosponge production, making it more efficient, environmentally friendly, and economical. This review discusses the merits and limitations, synthesis technique using green chemistry, characterization parameters, and applications of nanosponge.

Graphical abstract

The graphical abstract illustrates the nanosponges as effective drug carriers, highlighting their porous shape and high drug entrapment capacity. It highlights the microwave-assisted method as an environmentally friendly and time-efficient strategy that adheres to green chemistry principles and ensures drug formulation sustainability. Nanosponges have a variety of applications such as SARS-CoV-2 management, cancer therapy, and skin disease management, exhibiting their adaptability in targeted drug delivery. It also demonstrates the adaptability of nanosponge formulations to several dosage forms, such as oral, topical, parenteral, and inhalation, making them suitable for a variety of therapeutic applications