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<p>This study systematically investigates new insights into how sulfur-based curing agents influence the properties of chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) rubber in the presence of magnesium oxide and pentaerythritol. The rheological, thermal, and cross-linking properties of CSM rubber under various sulfur curing processes are used to correlates its curing behavior with the network characteristics. Employing advanced analytical techniques such as rheometery, differential scanning calorimetry, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the formulations were evaluated containing magnesium oxide (MgO), pentaerythritol, sulfur, and accelerators like TMTD and MBTS. Among the studied formulations, the combination of pentaerythritol, MBTS, TMTD, and sulfur exhibited the most favorable curing dynamics, achieving the highest curing enthalpy (8.1&#xa0;J/g) and vulcanization rate (0.42&#xa0;dNm/min) while maintaining the lowest loss factor (tan <i>δ</i> = 0.07). The findings demonstrate a direct correlation between an enhanced cross-linking network and improved thermal stability, with the dehydrochlorination temperature reaching a peak value of 259&#xa0;°C. Notably, the results highlight the dominance of metal oxide crosslink in the sulfur-free compound. Additionally, the analysis demonstrates that MgO and pentaerythritol cannot form active complexes and enhance the curing quality without the aid of accelerator and sulfur. These insights provide a comprehensive understanding of sulfur curing systems for CSM rubber and suggest pathways for tailoring its thermal and curing properties. The findings hold significant potential for advancing materials design in high-performance rubber applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Mechanistic investigation of the influence sulfur curing systems on the characteristics of chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月25日

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  • Hossein Roshanaei,
  • Mohammad Reza Pourhossaini,
  • Mahmoud Razavizadeh,
  • Mohammad Khabiri,
  • Hassan Fattahi

摘要

This study systematically investigates new insights into how sulfur-based curing agents influence the properties of chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) rubber in the presence of magnesium oxide and pentaerythritol. The rheological, thermal, and cross-linking properties of CSM rubber under various sulfur curing processes are used to correlates its curing behavior with the network characteristics. Employing advanced analytical techniques such as rheometery, differential scanning calorimetry, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the formulations were evaluated containing magnesium oxide (MgO), pentaerythritol, sulfur, and accelerators like TMTD and MBTS. Among the studied formulations, the combination of pentaerythritol, MBTS, TMTD, and sulfur exhibited the most favorable curing dynamics, achieving the highest curing enthalpy (8.1 J/g) and vulcanization rate (0.42 dNm/min) while maintaining the lowest loss factor (tan δ = 0.07). The findings demonstrate a direct correlation between an enhanced cross-linking network and improved thermal stability, with the dehydrochlorination temperature reaching a peak value of 259 °C. Notably, the results highlight the dominance of metal oxide crosslink in the sulfur-free compound. Additionally, the analysis demonstrates that MgO and pentaerythritol cannot form active complexes and enhance the curing quality without the aid of accelerator and sulfur. These insights provide a comprehensive understanding of sulfur curing systems for CSM rubber and suggest pathways for tailoring its thermal and curing properties. The findings hold significant potential for advancing materials design in high-performance rubber applications.

Graphical abstract