Improving the processing and mechanical properties of 3D printable biocomposite based on polylactide, sediment rock, and natural beeswax

Polylactide is a material often used in additive techniques. Due to poor mechanical properties, there is a constant search for additives, fillers, and modifiers that could improve these properties. Natural fillers and additives are promising compounds because they can improve the properties of the composite and at the same time are environmentally friendly. This work concerns the first-time modification of PLA using the Opoka sedimentary rock, modified with natural beeswax and commercially available wax. The addition of sedimentary rock caused the natural color of the obtained fibers, and it was found that the Opoka addition has a positive effect on the processing and printing parameters, allowing for a significant reduction in the operating temperature and the extrusion and printing speed, as well as better interlayer adhesion and adhesion to the printer bed, which is particularly important in the case of 3D printing. The obtained materials were characterized by a higher degree of crystallinity, and better mechanical and surface parameters (significantly higher contact angles and hydrophobic properties).