Advanced synthesis techniques and tailored properties of carbon nanotube reinforced polymer composites for high-performance applications

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced polymer composites are emerging as highly promising materials due to their superior mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. This review critically examines recent advancements and persistent challenges, focusing on innovative synthesis and functionalization techniques to achieve uniform CNT dispersion within polymer matrices. Advanced characterization methods are discussed to elucidate the structure–property relationships of these composites. Key applications in aerospace, automotive, and healthcare industries are highlighted, demonstrating the potential impact of CNT-polymer composites in these sectors. Despite significant progress, challenges such as scalability and cost-effectiveness remain. Future research directions are proposed to address these issues and fully realize the potential of CNT-polymer composites.