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<p>In this paper, we introduced a stochastic tumor–normal–immune dynamical system with periodically pulsed chemotherapy to investigate the impact of environmental noise on tumor evolution. By utilizing theorems from impulsive stochastic differential equations, we analyzed tumor-free and globally positive solutions within the proposed framework. Our findings demonstrated that the expected solutions remained bounded. Additionally, we derived sufficient conditions for various tumor outcomes, including extinction, non-persistence in the mean, weak persistence in the mean, and stochastic persistence. Finally, we validated our results through comprehensive computer simulations.</p>

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Extinction and persistence of a stochastic tumor–normal–immune model with periodically pulsed chemotherapy treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月18日

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  • Nabyl Bajja,
  • Driss Seghir

摘要

In this paper, we introduced a stochastic tumor–normal–immune dynamical system with periodically pulsed chemotherapy to investigate the impact of environmental noise on tumor evolution. By utilizing theorems from impulsive stochastic differential equations, we analyzed tumor-free and globally positive solutions within the proposed framework. Our findings demonstrated that the expected solutions remained bounded. Additionally, we derived sufficient conditions for various tumor outcomes, including extinction, non-persistence in the mean, weak persistence in the mean, and stochastic persistence. Finally, we validated our results through comprehensive computer simulations.