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<p>There is a high chance of accumulating the heavy metals in the edible parts of crops cultivated in contaminated soil. Therefore, heavy metal contamination in arable soils threatens world food security and human health. This study investigated the isolation, characterization, and biosurfactant production capabilities of bacterial strains from contaminated soil collected from the Noyyal River basin in Tirupur and detected their application for heavy metal removal efficiency. Two bacterial strains, such as <i>Bacillus sp.</i> and <i>Rosellomorea sp.</i>, were successfully isolated and identified. Biosurfactant production was evaluated using various carbon sources, including sodium citrate, sodium acetate, glycerol, fructose, tryptone, sucrose, lactose, and paraffin in Bushnell-Haas medium supplemented with cooking oil. Among the tested substrates, sodium citrate demonstrated the highest biosurfactant activity, with <i>Rosellomorea sp.</i> showing superior performance (56.25% emulsification index) compared to <i>Bacillus sp.</i> (42.5%). Drop collapse assays, oil displacement tests, and surface tension measurements confirmed strong biosurfactant activity for both strains. TLC revealed lipid-based biosurfactants with average <i>Rf</i> values of 0.72 and 0.75 for <i>Bacillus sp.</i> and <i>Rosellomorea sp.</i>, respectively. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxylate functional groups characteristic of biosurfactants, with <i>Rosellomorea sp.</i> showing glycoprotein or lipopeptide structures. GC-MS analysis identified major components, including n-hexadecanoic acid and 9-octadecenoic acid. The biosurfactants demonstrated significant anti-adhesive properties against foodborne pathogens, effectively inhibiting biofilm formation. Finally, Cr (VI) removal from sweet potatoes, elephant yams, carrots and beetroots using both surfactants was analyzed, and the findings highlighted their potential in food safety, biofilm control strategies, and prospects in remediation as well.</p>

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Isolation and Characterization of Biosurfactants from Bacillus sp. and Rosellomorea sp. and their Application for Removal of Chromium Level in Vegetable Crops

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月18日

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  • Minisha Udhayakumar,
  • Vignesh Chinnaiya,
  • Vignesh Veerasamy,
  • Thumadath Palayullaparambil Ajeesh Krishna,
  • Ayyappa Das Madhubala Parameswaran,
  • Parimala Gnana Soundari Arockiam Jeyasundar

摘要

There is a high chance of accumulating the heavy metals in the edible parts of crops cultivated in contaminated soil. Therefore, heavy metal contamination in arable soils threatens world food security and human health. This study investigated the isolation, characterization, and biosurfactant production capabilities of bacterial strains from contaminated soil collected from the Noyyal River basin in Tirupur and detected their application for heavy metal removal efficiency. Two bacterial strains, such as Bacillus sp. and Rosellomorea sp., were successfully isolated and identified. Biosurfactant production was evaluated using various carbon sources, including sodium citrate, sodium acetate, glycerol, fructose, tryptone, sucrose, lactose, and paraffin in Bushnell-Haas medium supplemented with cooking oil. Among the tested substrates, sodium citrate demonstrated the highest biosurfactant activity, with Rosellomorea sp. showing superior performance (56.25% emulsification index) compared to Bacillus sp. (42.5%). Drop collapse assays, oil displacement tests, and surface tension measurements confirmed strong biosurfactant activity for both strains. TLC revealed lipid-based biosurfactants with average Rf values of 0.72 and 0.75 for Bacillus sp. and Rosellomorea sp., respectively. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxylate functional groups characteristic of biosurfactants, with Rosellomorea sp. showing glycoprotein or lipopeptide structures. GC-MS analysis identified major components, including n-hexadecanoic acid and 9-octadecenoic acid. The biosurfactants demonstrated significant anti-adhesive properties against foodborne pathogens, effectively inhibiting biofilm formation. Finally, Cr (VI) removal from sweet potatoes, elephant yams, carrots and beetroots using both surfactants was analyzed, and the findings highlighted their potential in food safety, biofilm control strategies, and prospects in remediation as well.