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<p>The rugose spiralling whitefly, <i>Aleurodicus rugioperculatus</i> is an invasive phloem-feeding pest and acts as vector for virus transmission in banana, coconut, and other economically important crops in southern India. The main aim of this research work was to evolve a novel and eco-friendly strategy to combat this serious pest. The entomopathogenic bacterium <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> produces parasporal crystal proteins, commonly known as δ-endotoxins and widely exploited as eco-friendly insecticides. This study tested two native <i>B. thuringiensis</i> strains namely NBAIR-TrBt18 and NBAIR-Bt25 that were confirmed to carry the <i>Cry16A</i> and <i>Cry1Ab</i> genes. The insecticidal efficacy for volatile organic compounds emitted through insect-microbes interaction as well as under natural conditions were analysed. Bioassay of purified parasporal crystals against pre-instar nymphs showed significant mortality at lower concentrations of 2.0&#xa0;µg/mL (NBAIR-TrBt18) and 2.7 µg/mL (NBAIR-Bt25) at 72h. GC-MS analysis of the headspace volatiles revealed several bioactive compounds including Z-10-Tetradecen-1-ol acetate (10Z)-10-Tetradecenyl acetate), Trans-Z-α-Bisabolene epoxide, Phenylethyl alcohol, 7-Hexadecenal, (Z)-, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, 2-Butanone, 2-Heptanone, Benzaldehyde, Isovaleric acid, Nonanoic acid, Oleic Acid and Decanal. Twelve detected volatiles were tested for insecticidal activity against <i>A. rugioperculatus</i>. These compounds showed a positive correlation with observed mortality rates. Notably, Z-10-Tetradecen-1-ol acetate (10Z)-10-Tetradecenyl acetate), trans-2-Butanone, and trans-Z-α-Bisabolene were particularly exhibiting the highest mortality at 3rd day post-inoculation on 4th pre-instar nymphs. These findings confirm that <i>(B) thuringiensis</i> strains not only produced potent crystal toxins but also release volatile organic compounds that possessed both insecticidal and insect repellents properties at low dosages. Overall, this research provides a foundation for the development of novel eco-friendly biocontrol formulations by integrating selective metabolites with native <i>B. thuringiensis</i> strains to manage <i>A. rugioperculatus</i> for a sustainable and safe pest management option.</p>

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Biological functions of Crystal toxin proteins and their secondary metabolites in targeting rugose spiralling whitefly Aleurodicus rugioperculatus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Suvetha Vasan,
  • Ranjini Bhagwandas,
  • Aiswarya Asokan,
  • Arthi Kandhakumar,
  • Velavan Viswakethu,
  • Sabariswaran Kandasamy,
  • Thirunavukkarasu Periyasamy,
  • Rangeshwaran Rajagopal,
  • Sivakumar Gopalswamy

摘要

The rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus is an invasive phloem-feeding pest and acts as vector for virus transmission in banana, coconut, and other economically important crops in southern India. The main aim of this research work was to evolve a novel and eco-friendly strategy to combat this serious pest. The entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produces parasporal crystal proteins, commonly known as δ-endotoxins and widely exploited as eco-friendly insecticides. This study tested two native B. thuringiensis strains namely NBAIR-TrBt18 and NBAIR-Bt25 that were confirmed to carry the Cry16A and Cry1Ab genes. The insecticidal efficacy for volatile organic compounds emitted through insect-microbes interaction as well as under natural conditions were analysed. Bioassay of purified parasporal crystals against pre-instar nymphs showed significant mortality at lower concentrations of 2.0 µg/mL (NBAIR-TrBt18) and 2.7 µg/mL (NBAIR-Bt25) at 72h. GC-MS analysis of the headspace volatiles revealed several bioactive compounds including Z-10-Tetradecen-1-ol acetate (10Z)-10-Tetradecenyl acetate), Trans-Z-α-Bisabolene epoxide, Phenylethyl alcohol, 7-Hexadecenal, (Z)-, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, 2-Butanone, 2-Heptanone, Benzaldehyde, Isovaleric acid, Nonanoic acid, Oleic Acid and Decanal. Twelve detected volatiles were tested for insecticidal activity against A. rugioperculatus. These compounds showed a positive correlation with observed mortality rates. Notably, Z-10-Tetradecen-1-ol acetate (10Z)-10-Tetradecenyl acetate), trans-2-Butanone, and trans-Z-α-Bisabolene were particularly exhibiting the highest mortality at 3rd day post-inoculation on 4th pre-instar nymphs. These findings confirm that (B) thuringiensis strains not only produced potent crystal toxins but also release volatile organic compounds that possessed both insecticidal and insect repellents properties at low dosages. Overall, this research provides a foundation for the development of novel eco-friendly biocontrol formulations by integrating selective metabolites with native B. thuringiensis strains to manage A. rugioperculatus for a sustainable and safe pest management option.