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<p>Children who contracted COVID-19 develop antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein which persist for 4 to 12 months following infection. We sought to analyze the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 one year after COVID-19 in children under 18 years, vaccinated or unvaccinated. Blood samples were collected during the acute phase, the convalescence stage and one-year post-disease. Vaccinated adults who had COVID-19 during the same timeframe were analyzed for comparison. Serum SARS-CoV-2&#xa0;S IgG was assessed using immunoassay, and neutralizing activity was evaluated using a SARS-CoV-2&#xa0;S-pseudotyped lentivirus assay. Seventy-five children were enrolled, with a median age of 8 years (IQR 3–12), and 35% were vaccinated. Forty-nine adults were included, with a median age of 34 years (IQR 29–44). Among unvaccinated children, median SARS-CoV-2&#xa0;S IgG levels one year after COVID-19 tended to decrease 2-fold compared to convalescent levels. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were notably elevated in children with two or three COVID-19 vaccine doses compared to unvaccinated individuals. Children who received mRNA vaccines exhibited higher SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers (<i>p</i> = 0.0028) and neutralizing antibodies (<i>p</i> = 0.0120) compared to those who received inactivated vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 IgG showed no correlation with the severity of the initial illness or the presence of comorbidities. SARS-CoV-2 IgG did not significantly differ between vaccinated children and adults with the same vaccination status. Among unvaccinated children, convalescent levels of IL-1 β and IL-4 positively correlated with one-year antibody responses. This work highlights the significance of vaccinating children to sustain a lasting humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2, even after infection.</p>

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Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 S IgG Antibodies in Children Post-COVID-19 and the Association of Antibody Levels with Vaccination Status

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Eduardo L. López,
  • María S. Tineo,
  • Federico Di Gregorio,
  • María F. Pavan,
  • Florencia A. Bonnin,
  • Lidia E. Torrado,
  • Paola J. Karp,
  • Analía Toledano,
  • Ana Caratozzolo,
  • Sergio I. Nemirovsky,
  • María M. Contrini,
  • Lorena I. Ibañez,
  • Laura B. Talarico

摘要

Children who contracted COVID-19 develop antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein which persist for 4 to 12 months following infection. We sought to analyze the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 one year after COVID-19 in children under 18 years, vaccinated or unvaccinated. Blood samples were collected during the acute phase, the convalescence stage and one-year post-disease. Vaccinated adults who had COVID-19 during the same timeframe were analyzed for comparison. Serum SARS-CoV-2 S IgG was assessed using immunoassay, and neutralizing activity was evaluated using a SARS-CoV-2 S-pseudotyped lentivirus assay. Seventy-five children were enrolled, with a median age of 8 years (IQR 3–12), and 35% were vaccinated. Forty-nine adults were included, with a median age of 34 years (IQR 29–44). Among unvaccinated children, median SARS-CoV-2 S IgG levels one year after COVID-19 tended to decrease 2-fold compared to convalescent levels. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were notably elevated in children with two or three COVID-19 vaccine doses compared to unvaccinated individuals. Children who received mRNA vaccines exhibited higher SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers (p = 0.0028) and neutralizing antibodies (p = 0.0120) compared to those who received inactivated vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 IgG showed no correlation with the severity of the initial illness or the presence of comorbidities. SARS-CoV-2 IgG did not significantly differ between vaccinated children and adults with the same vaccination status. Among unvaccinated children, convalescent levels of IL-1 β and IL-4 positively correlated with one-year antibody responses. This work highlights the significance of vaccinating children to sustain a lasting humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2, even after infection.