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<p>Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the serious complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) that leads to non-relapse mortality. Although several biomarkers for acute GVHD have been proposed, no definitive predictive markers are clinically available. Recent studies have shown that a specific subset of peripheral blood monocytes expresses CD56 (neural cell adhesion molecule [NCAM]), particularly under inflammatory conditions; however, their role in allogeneic HSCT remains unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with acute GVHD identified a unique monocyte subset characterized by an NCAM signature. Prospective multicolor flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood samples revealed a transient increase in CD56⁺ monocytes at the time of neutrophil engraftment. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated pro-inflammatory transcriptome signatures of the CD56<sup>+</sup> monocyte fraction. Notably, a reduced frequency of CD56⁺ monocytes was significantly associated with a lower incidence of acute GVHD, suggesting their potential as novel predictive cellular biomarkers of acute GVHD.</p>

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Percentage of CD56+ monocytes at neutrophil engraftment is associated with the incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Ken Hashimoto,
  • Takahiko Sato,
  • Yuichi Ishikawa,
  • Yuki Okuhiro,
  • Daisuke Sugiyama,
  • He Zhang,
  • Sachiko Ito,
  • Yuichiro Inagaki,
  • Kotaro Miyao,
  • Masashi Sawa,
  • Takanobu Morishita,
  • Tatsunori Goto,
  • Tetsuya Nishida,
  • Nobuaki Fukushima,
  • Kazutaka Ozeki,
  • Ryo Hanajiri,
  • Seitaro Terakura,
  • Hiroyoshi Nishikawa,
  • Hitoshi Kiyoi

摘要

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the serious complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) that leads to non-relapse mortality. Although several biomarkers for acute GVHD have been proposed, no definitive predictive markers are clinically available. Recent studies have shown that a specific subset of peripheral blood monocytes expresses CD56 (neural cell adhesion molecule [NCAM]), particularly under inflammatory conditions; however, their role in allogeneic HSCT remains unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with acute GVHD identified a unique monocyte subset characterized by an NCAM signature. Prospective multicolor flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood samples revealed a transient increase in CD56⁺ monocytes at the time of neutrophil engraftment. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated pro-inflammatory transcriptome signatures of the CD56+ monocyte fraction. Notably, a reduced frequency of CD56⁺ monocytes was significantly associated with a lower incidence of acute GVHD, suggesting their potential as novel predictive cellular biomarkers of acute GVHD.