Case report:Clinical manifestations and therapeutic options following rhTPO-induced neutralizing antibody production in a child with immune thrombocytopenia

Recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) is commonly used to improve low platelet status in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), as one protein product, even with a very low rate, there is still the possibility to produce neutralizing antibodies of thrombopoietin (TPO). We described a 7-year-old boy with ITP and normal TPO levels who had previously received rhTPO for 2 weeks but showed persistent thrombocytopenia and was misdiagnosed as acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (AATP) and ineffectively treated with cyclosporine A (CsA) in combination with avatrombopag (AVA). As suspicious the TPO neutralizing antibody development as re-test of TPO level is 0, the CD20 + deletion antibody drug rituximab (RTX) was prescribed and received efficacy. rhTPO serves as one bio-protein drug and should be cautious with developing neutralizing antibodies if the drug effect is lost. The tests for antibody and/or TPO level should be done for the diagnosis, and the antibody eradication medication as an anti-CD20 antibody, RTX, should be prescribed to delete thes e neutralizing antibodies to recover the TPO level to reattain the response of ITP treatment.