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Background <p>Epidural procedures have a steep learning curve and may raise patient-safety concerns during early anesthesiology training. We evaluated whether a low-cost, three-dimensional (3D) simulation model improves early procedural success and efficiency in novice trainees.</p> Methods <p>In this prospective randomized controlled study, 36 anesthesia residents were randomized into two groups. Group A received hands-on training on a 3D simulation model plus audiovisual teaching, whereas Group B received audiovisual teaching only. Performance was assessed at baseline (0&#xa0;h), 3&#xa0;h, and 6&#xa0;h using procedural success, a checklist score, and a global rating scale; procedure time was recorded.</p> Results <p>Baseline success was comparable between groups. At 3&#xa0;h and 6&#xa0;h, Group A demonstrated a marked improvement, reaching a success rate of 94.4% at 6&#xa0;h compared with 50.0% in Group B. Checklist scores did not differ at baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.888) but were significantly higher in Group A at 3&#xa0;h and 6&#xa0;h (both <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Procedure time decreased significantly in Group A (from 149 ± 24&#xa0;s to 107 ± 26&#xa0;s, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) versus a limited reduction in Group B (from 148 ± 26&#xa0;s to 142 ± 22&#xa0;s, <i>p</i> = 0.001). The model was inexpensive and feasible to produce (~ 6&#xa0;h printing time; total cost ~$11.50/model).</p> Conclusion <p>Low-cost 3D model–assisted training improved short-term simulator-based epidural performance, checklist scores, GRS scores, and procedural efficiency among novice anesthesiology residents. These findings support the use of 3D printed models as an accessible hands-on adjunct to conventional audiovisual epidural anesthesia training. Further studies are needed to determine whether these improvements translate into long-term retention, clinical performance and patient outcomes.</p>

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Effectiveness of three-dimensional printed lumbar spine-model-based training for epidural anesthesia in novice anesthesiology residents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Nezih Sertoz,
  • Cengiz Sahutoglu,
  • Kazim Koray Ozgul,
  • Mehmet Asim Ozer,
  • Figen Govsa

摘要

Background

Epidural procedures have a steep learning curve and may raise patient-safety concerns during early anesthesiology training. We evaluated whether a low-cost, three-dimensional (3D) simulation model improves early procedural success and efficiency in novice trainees.

Methods

In this prospective randomized controlled study, 36 anesthesia residents were randomized into two groups. Group A received hands-on training on a 3D simulation model plus audiovisual teaching, whereas Group B received audiovisual teaching only. Performance was assessed at baseline (0 h), 3 h, and 6 h using procedural success, a checklist score, and a global rating scale; procedure time was recorded.

Results

Baseline success was comparable between groups. At 3 h and 6 h, Group A demonstrated a marked improvement, reaching a success rate of 94.4% at 6 h compared with 50.0% in Group B. Checklist scores did not differ at baseline (p = 0.888) but were significantly higher in Group A at 3 h and 6 h (both p < 0.001). Procedure time decreased significantly in Group A (from 149 ± 24 s to 107 ± 26 s, p < 0.001) versus a limited reduction in Group B (from 148 ± 26 s to 142 ± 22 s, p = 0.001). The model was inexpensive and feasible to produce (~ 6 h printing time; total cost ~$11.50/model).

Conclusion

Low-cost 3D model–assisted training improved short-term simulator-based epidural performance, checklist scores, GRS scores, and procedural efficiency among novice anesthesiology residents. These findings support the use of 3D printed models as an accessible hands-on adjunct to conventional audiovisual epidural anesthesia training. Further studies are needed to determine whether these improvements translate into long-term retention, clinical performance and patient outcomes.