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Purpose <p>This study aimed to (1) investigate the prevalence of the nerve to vastus medialis within the adductor canal, (2) characterize the anatomical features of the canal, and (3) assess correlations between canal characteristics and anthropometric data. Additionally, the number and motor entry points of femoral nerve branches supplying the anterior thigh muscles were examined.</p> Methods <p>Thirty-two lower limbs (16 fresh-frozen cadavers) were dissected. The adductor canal was identified, and its proximal and distal ends were measured from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). Prevalence of the nerve to vastus medialis within the canal was recorded. Motor entry points of femoral nerve branches were identified and measured along a reference line from the ASIS to the center of the tibiofemoral joint using a measuring tape. Correlations between adductor canal anatomy and height, weight, body mass index, and thigh length were analyzed using Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation tests.</p> Results <p>The nerve to vastus medialis was located within the adductor canal in 34.38% of cases. The mean canal length was 7.20 ± 2.86&#xa0;cm, corresponding to 55–71% of the ASIS-to-knee distance. Distances to the canal’s proximal and distal ends correlated significantly with height and thigh length (r = 0.421–0.653, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Femoral nerve branches to each anterior thigh muscles ranged from one to five.</p> Conclusion <p>Anatomical variation in the nerve to vastus medialis may influence outcomes of adductor canal procedures. Knowledge of canal location and motor entry points may assist clinicians in performing adductor canal blocks or surgical interventions.</p>

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Anatomical presentation of the nerve to vastus medialis within the adductor canal and femoral nerve branch insertions into thigh muscles: a cadaveric study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月31日

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  • Sasithorn Saena,
  • Kamolsak Sukhonthamarn,
  • Weerachai Kosuwon,
  • Rit Apinyankul,
  • Witchaporn Witayakom

摘要

Purpose

This study aimed to (1) investigate the prevalence of the nerve to vastus medialis within the adductor canal, (2) characterize the anatomical features of the canal, and (3) assess correlations between canal characteristics and anthropometric data. Additionally, the number and motor entry points of femoral nerve branches supplying the anterior thigh muscles were examined.

Methods

Thirty-two lower limbs (16 fresh-frozen cadavers) were dissected. The adductor canal was identified, and its proximal and distal ends were measured from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS). Prevalence of the nerve to vastus medialis within the canal was recorded. Motor entry points of femoral nerve branches were identified and measured along a reference line from the ASIS to the center of the tibiofemoral joint using a measuring tape. Correlations between adductor canal anatomy and height, weight, body mass index, and thigh length were analyzed using Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation tests.

Results

The nerve to vastus medialis was located within the adductor canal in 34.38% of cases. The mean canal length was 7.20 ± 2.86 cm, corresponding to 55–71% of the ASIS-to-knee distance. Distances to the canal’s proximal and distal ends correlated significantly with height and thigh length (r = 0.421–0.653, p < 0.05). Femoral nerve branches to each anterior thigh muscles ranged from one to five.

Conclusion

Anatomical variation in the nerve to vastus medialis may influence outcomes of adductor canal procedures. Knowledge of canal location and motor entry points may assist clinicians in performing adductor canal blocks or surgical interventions.