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Purpose <p>Understanding gender-based foot morphological differences is critical for ergonomic footwear design. This study investigated these variations in young adults using photogrammetric and plantar pressure analysis.</p> Methods <p>We analyzed 200 healthy participants (100 males, 100 females; aged 19–21&#xa0;years) through digital photogrammetry and RSscan Footscan pressure mapping. Key parameters included foot length (FL), ball width (BWF), hallux valgus angle (HVd), lateral foot angle (LdF), and Clarke’s Index for arch classification. Plantar pressure distribution was assessed across 10 anatomical zones.</p> Results <p>We revealed significant gender disparities: males had longer (26.6 vs. 25.2&#xa0;cm) and wider feet (10.2 vs. 9.1&#xa0;cm), while 75% of participants exhibited HVd (5.1°–6.3°), with no gender difference. Dynamic Clarke’s Index showed 80% had high arches, correlating with lower BMI (p &lt; 0.001). Pressure analysis highlighted higher midfoot loading (37.8–41.2 cm<sup>2</sup>) and medial forefoot pressure in HVd cases. Females predominantly wore smaller shoes (sizes 36–38), whereas 89% of males wore sizes 42–44. BMI influenced midfoot pressure (r = 0.3) and arch height, with flat arches linked to higher BMI. Foot asymmetry (38%) and HVd prevalence underscored the need for gender-specific shoe designs.</p> Conclusion <p>It emphasize prioritizing ergonomic footwear to mitigate pressure imbalances, HVd progression, and asymmetry, particularly in high-BMI individuals. This dual-method approach provides actionable insights for biomechanical applications and footwear customization.</p>

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Gender-specific foot morphology and biomechanical patterns in young adults: a combined photogrammetric and plantar pressure analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Gkionoul Nteli Chatzioglou,
  • Figen Govsa,
  • Ozden Bedre,
  • Yelda Pinar,
  • Simin Hepguler

摘要

Purpose

Understanding gender-based foot morphological differences is critical for ergonomic footwear design. This study investigated these variations in young adults using photogrammetric and plantar pressure analysis.

Methods

We analyzed 200 healthy participants (100 males, 100 females; aged 19–21 years) through digital photogrammetry and RSscan Footscan pressure mapping. Key parameters included foot length (FL), ball width (BWF), hallux valgus angle (HVd), lateral foot angle (LdF), and Clarke’s Index for arch classification. Plantar pressure distribution was assessed across 10 anatomical zones.

Results

We revealed significant gender disparities: males had longer (26.6 vs. 25.2 cm) and wider feet (10.2 vs. 9.1 cm), while 75% of participants exhibited HVd (5.1°–6.3°), with no gender difference. Dynamic Clarke’s Index showed 80% had high arches, correlating with lower BMI (p < 0.001). Pressure analysis highlighted higher midfoot loading (37.8–41.2 cm2) and medial forefoot pressure in HVd cases. Females predominantly wore smaller shoes (sizes 36–38), whereas 89% of males wore sizes 42–44. BMI influenced midfoot pressure (r = 0.3) and arch height, with flat arches linked to higher BMI. Foot asymmetry (38%) and HVd prevalence underscored the need for gender-specific shoe designs.

Conclusion

It emphasize prioritizing ergonomic footwear to mitigate pressure imbalances, HVd progression, and asymmetry, particularly in high-BMI individuals. This dual-method approach provides actionable insights for biomechanical applications and footwear customization.