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<p>More than 50% of the world’s irrigated farmland depends on flood irrigation, which is often inefficient and environmentally unsustainable. Increasing the resource use efficiency while reducing environmental impacts is critical for ensuring the sustainability of these systems. In this study, a novel surface irrigation practice, namely, ridge–furrow planting with selective furrow irrigation (RFSFI), was compared with traditional flat cultivation with border irrigation (TFCBI). Multiyear field experiments were conducted at two representative sites in the North China Plain from 2017–2023 to assess the effects on the wheat agronomic performance, the resource use efficiency, and the carbon footprint (CF). Compared with TFCBI, RFSFI significantly increased the tiller number (13.7–16.8%), leaf area index (7.8–11.3%), and aboveground biomass (15.2–35.9%) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) but decreased the plant height, which led to an improved canopy structure and greater interception of the photosynthetically active radiation (7.1–14.4%). These changes contributed to higher grain yield and net income levels. RFSFI also increased the input water productivity by 6.0–23.3%, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency by 10.7–37.4%, and the radiation use efficiency by 6.0–23.3% (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, RFSFI increased the carbon use efficiency by 25.7% and the carbon sustainability index by 91.2%, whereas the CF decreased by 15.2% (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). These results demonstrate that RFSFI constitutes a readily scalable and economically viable strategy for sustainably implementing flood-irrigated wheat systems globally, particularly in regions facing land and water constraints.</p>

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An innovative ridge–furrow irrigation strategy increases the resource use efficiency and reduces the carbon footprint of winter wheat

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Shuang Li,
  • Yahui Cheng,
  • Huijie Li,
  • Jiahong Yang,
  • Tao Zhou,
  • Ruiqi Ren,
  • Zhandong Liu,
  • Miles Dyck,
  • Bing Cheng Si

摘要

More than 50% of the world’s irrigated farmland depends on flood irrigation, which is often inefficient and environmentally unsustainable. Increasing the resource use efficiency while reducing environmental impacts is critical for ensuring the sustainability of these systems. In this study, a novel surface irrigation practice, namely, ridge–furrow planting with selective furrow irrigation (RFSFI), was compared with traditional flat cultivation with border irrigation (TFCBI). Multiyear field experiments were conducted at two representative sites in the North China Plain from 2017–2023 to assess the effects on the wheat agronomic performance, the resource use efficiency, and the carbon footprint (CF). Compared with TFCBI, RFSFI significantly increased the tiller number (13.7–16.8%), leaf area index (7.8–11.3%), and aboveground biomass (15.2–35.9%) (P < 0.05) but decreased the plant height, which led to an improved canopy structure and greater interception of the photosynthetically active radiation (7.1–14.4%). These changes contributed to higher grain yield and net income levels. RFSFI also increased the input water productivity by 6.0–23.3%, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency by 10.7–37.4%, and the radiation use efficiency by 6.0–23.3% (P < 0.05). Furthermore, RFSFI increased the carbon use efficiency by 25.7% and the carbon sustainability index by 91.2%, whereas the CF decreased by 15.2% (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that RFSFI constitutes a readily scalable and economically viable strategy for sustainably implementing flood-irrigated wheat systems globally, particularly in regions facing land and water constraints.