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<p>In the context of climate change, effective irrigation and drainage management has become increasingly complex due to unpredictable rainfall patterns. To address these challenges, this study evaluates the use of non-glazed ceramic-based nano-pore porous pipes (NPPP) as a sustainable solution. The NPPP are manufactured from a durable blend of 50% clay and 50% organic material using an extrusion process. They are frustrum shaped compared to cylindrical traditional clay pipes and comparatively easy to install. The NPPP walls are 10&#xa0;cm thick. The nano-pore structure facilitates bidirectional water movement, enabling both irrigation and drainage. They have low saturated hydraulic conductivity (SHC) of 0.1&#xa0;cm/hr as compared to traditional clay pipes. It makes them suitable option for subsurface irrigation and gentle drainage. Using HYDRUS (2-D) simulations, the performance of NPPP in light-textured soils under both bare and vegetated conditions is assessed. For loamy sand, the wetted area (WA) irrigated by NPPP was 18% lower than that under traditional drip irrigation after 12&#xa0;h. This difference further increased to 37% for sandy loam soils. During pulsed irrigation using NPPP, the WA for sandy loam reduced by 14% due to Capillary barrier (CB) at 12&#xa0;h. Four different cases were simulated for drainage in extreme rainfall. The drainage rate in NPPP is same even in presence of CB and mound and 2.77% of precipitated water is drained in 24&#xa0;h. In comparison to drip irrigation, NPPP appended with CB and mound provided better water use effectiveness as compared to drip from comparative assessment.</p>

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HYDRUS simulations of the consequences of implementing an irrigation and drainage system based on nanopore porous pipes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月7日

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  • Pankaj Jakhar,
  • Himanchal Bhardwaj,
  • Sunil Duhan,
  • Anand Krishnan Plappally

摘要

In the context of climate change, effective irrigation and drainage management has become increasingly complex due to unpredictable rainfall patterns. To address these challenges, this study evaluates the use of non-glazed ceramic-based nano-pore porous pipes (NPPP) as a sustainable solution. The NPPP are manufactured from a durable blend of 50% clay and 50% organic material using an extrusion process. They are frustrum shaped compared to cylindrical traditional clay pipes and comparatively easy to install. The NPPP walls are 10 cm thick. The nano-pore structure facilitates bidirectional water movement, enabling both irrigation and drainage. They have low saturated hydraulic conductivity (SHC) of 0.1 cm/hr as compared to traditional clay pipes. It makes them suitable option for subsurface irrigation and gentle drainage. Using HYDRUS (2-D) simulations, the performance of NPPP in light-textured soils under both bare and vegetated conditions is assessed. For loamy sand, the wetted area (WA) irrigated by NPPP was 18% lower than that under traditional drip irrigation after 12 h. This difference further increased to 37% for sandy loam soils. During pulsed irrigation using NPPP, the WA for sandy loam reduced by 14% due to Capillary barrier (CB) at 12 h. Four different cases were simulated for drainage in extreme rainfall. The drainage rate in NPPP is same even in presence of CB and mound and 2.77% of precipitated water is drained in 24 h. In comparison to drip irrigation, NPPP appended with CB and mound provided better water use effectiveness as compared to drip from comparative assessment.