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<p>Water-saving irrigation and reduced nitrogen (N) application are crucial for enhancing resource efficiency in rice production, yet their interactive effects on water and N productivity remain insufficiently explored. In this study, two irrigation regimes (W1, continuous soil moisture maintenance; and W2, alternate wetting and drying (AWD)) were implemented. Each irrigation regime was combined with four N management practices: N1 (one application of reduced slow release urea), N2 (two applications of reduced slow release urea), N3 (three applications of reduced conventional urea), and N4 (three applications of conventional urea). The impacts of these treatments on rice growth, photosynthesis, soil properties, and resource efficiencies were systematically evaluated. Results showed that under W2, appropriately reducing N application rate or frequency significantly enhanced irrigation production efficiency (IPE), nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPEP) and grain yield. Moreover, W2 enhanced late-season photosynthetic activity and growth, contributing to superior yield components. The combined treatment W2N2 (AWD with 20% reduced slow-release urea applied twice) achieved the highest grain yield (152.9&#xa0;g/pot), the greatest NPEP (76.44&#xa0;kg/kg), and a high IPE (1.62&#xa0;kg/m<sup>3</sup>). The W2N2 was identified as the optimal strategy, maximizing synergies between water and N utilization. These findings offer novel insights into co-optimizing water and N management by demonstrating the efficacy of integrated slow-release urea and AWD in sustaining yield while improving resource use efficiency. Further research is essential to assess the long-term effects of this agronomic practice on soil health and greenhouse gas emissions in field settings. This study not only presents W2N2 as a feasible and optimized strategy for the co-management of water and N but also promotes the sustainable intensification of rice production by simultaneously addressing resource utilization efficiency and environmental sustainability.</p>

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Alternate wetting and drying irrigation combined with reduced slow-release urea improved water-nitrogen use efficiency and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月20日

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  • Yuanyuan Feng,
  • Danyan Chen,
  • Jidong Wang,
  • Hui Zhang,
  • Cong Xu,
  • Ya Liu,
  • Xinyu Lu,
  • Yongchun Zhang,
  • Xianju Xu,
  • Yunwang Ning

摘要

Water-saving irrigation and reduced nitrogen (N) application are crucial for enhancing resource efficiency in rice production, yet their interactive effects on water and N productivity remain insufficiently explored. In this study, two irrigation regimes (W1, continuous soil moisture maintenance; and W2, alternate wetting and drying (AWD)) were implemented. Each irrigation regime was combined with four N management practices: N1 (one application of reduced slow release urea), N2 (two applications of reduced slow release urea), N3 (three applications of reduced conventional urea), and N4 (three applications of conventional urea). The impacts of these treatments on rice growth, photosynthesis, soil properties, and resource efficiencies were systematically evaluated. Results showed that under W2, appropriately reducing N application rate or frequency significantly enhanced irrigation production efficiency (IPE), nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPEP) and grain yield. Moreover, W2 enhanced late-season photosynthetic activity and growth, contributing to superior yield components. The combined treatment W2N2 (AWD with 20% reduced slow-release urea applied twice) achieved the highest grain yield (152.9 g/pot), the greatest NPEP (76.44 kg/kg), and a high IPE (1.62 kg/m3). The W2N2 was identified as the optimal strategy, maximizing synergies between water and N utilization. These findings offer novel insights into co-optimizing water and N management by demonstrating the efficacy of integrated slow-release urea and AWD in sustaining yield while improving resource use efficiency. Further research is essential to assess the long-term effects of this agronomic practice on soil health and greenhouse gas emissions in field settings. This study not only presents W2N2 as a feasible and optimized strategy for the co-management of water and N but also promotes the sustainable intensification of rice production by simultaneously addressing resource utilization efficiency and environmental sustainability.