<p>Solid-set sprinkler irrigation evaluations have often been performed on the area between four full-circle sprinklers: a sprinkler layout of the type C (for circle). As a consequence, the non-uniformity introduced by layouts located at the field boundaries (type H for half-circle sprinklers or type Q for quarter-circle sprinklers) has been neglected when estimating the uniformity of a solid-set. This research set out to develop a methodology for the estimation of solid-set uniformity considering the three types of layouts, and to implement this methodology in a simple protocol for whole-field solid-set evaluation. The recent development of complete solid-set hydraulic and ballistic models has permitted to attain these objectives using a simulation approach. Thousands of simulations were performed on properly calibrated sprinklers to reproduce 92 cases in four experimental solid-sets and in three layouts (C, H and Q). Irrigation depths from simulated layouts were randomly selected and combined into an array. The number of irrigation depths from each type of layout in the array was proportional to the ratio of layouts C, H and Q to the total number of layouts in the solid-set. The uniformity of this array was used as an estimation of solid-set uniformity. The regression model of estimated and simulated Coefficient of Uniformity showed a coefficient of determination of 97% and a standard error of 1.1%. The proposed protocol is based on applying this procedure to irrigation evaluations in different layouts, although methodological variations have been proposed for specific situations.</p>

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

Estimating whole-field solid-set sprinkler irrigation uniformity

  • Enrique Playán,
  • Javier Burguete,
  • Javier Fernández-Pato,
  • Nery Zapata

摘要

Solid-set sprinkler irrigation evaluations have often been performed on the area between four full-circle sprinklers: a sprinkler layout of the type C (for circle). As a consequence, the non-uniformity introduced by layouts located at the field boundaries (type H for half-circle sprinklers or type Q for quarter-circle sprinklers) has been neglected when estimating the uniformity of a solid-set. This research set out to develop a methodology for the estimation of solid-set uniformity considering the three types of layouts, and to implement this methodology in a simple protocol for whole-field solid-set evaluation. The recent development of complete solid-set hydraulic and ballistic models has permitted to attain these objectives using a simulation approach. Thousands of simulations were performed on properly calibrated sprinklers to reproduce 92 cases in four experimental solid-sets and in three layouts (C, H and Q). Irrigation depths from simulated layouts were randomly selected and combined into an array. The number of irrigation depths from each type of layout in the array was proportional to the ratio of layouts C, H and Q to the total number of layouts in the solid-set. The uniformity of this array was used as an estimation of solid-set uniformity. The regression model of estimated and simulated Coefficient of Uniformity showed a coefficient of determination of 97% and a standard error of 1.1%. The proposed protocol is based on applying this procedure to irrigation evaluations in different layouts, although methodological variations have been proposed for specific situations.