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<p>Accurate determination of evapotranspiration (<i>ET</i>) is critical for making informed irrigation decisions. To address this, a 4-year study was conducted in cold Northeast China to evaluate ET for drip-irrigated grapes under greenhouse conditions. The study used 3 models to simulate evaporation (<i>E</i>), transpiration (<i>T</i>), and <i>ET</i>—the Penman–Monteith dual crop coefficient (PM) model, the Shuttleworth-Wallace (SW) model, and an improved version of the Shuttleworth-Wallace (SW<sub>m</sub>) model. Model selection was guided by differences in surface resistance for partially irrigated, dry, and wet soils. The results showed that the SW and SW<sub>m</sub> models produced consistent estimates of T, with the SW model overestimating <i>T</i> by 3–11%. In contrast, the PM model underestimated <i>T</i> by 9–18%, particularly during the mid-growth period when underestimation was as high as 20%. For <i>T</i> simulation accuracy, both the SW and SW<sub>m</sub> models outperformed the PM model. For <i>E</i>, the SW<sub>m</sub> model had the lowest simulation error (<i>MRE</i> = 25.44–33.60%) and the highest accuracy (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.73–0.80), while the SW and PM models performed relatively poor. All the three models had a high accuracy for simulated <i>ET</i> (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.87, <i>MRE</i> &lt; 20%), with the SW<sub>m</sub> model being the most precise. The order of accuracy for <i>ET</i> simulations was SW<sub>m</sub> &gt; SW &gt; PM. In conclusion, both the PM and SW models provided acceptable accuracy for <i>ET</i> and <i>T</i> simulations but were less reliable for <i>E</i> simulation. Therefore, the SW<sub>m</sub> model was recommended for simulating <i>T, E</i>, and <i>ET</i> of drip-irrigated grapevines under greenhouse conditions in cold Northeast China.</p>

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Estimation of evapotranspiration and its components of drip-irrigated grapevine under greenhouse conditions in cold Northeast China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月21日

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  • Xinguang Wei,
  • Siyu Zheng,
  • Dianyu Chen,
  • Lucheng Qiu

摘要

Accurate determination of evapotranspiration (ET) is critical for making informed irrigation decisions. To address this, a 4-year study was conducted in cold Northeast China to evaluate ET for drip-irrigated grapes under greenhouse conditions. The study used 3 models to simulate evaporation (E), transpiration (T), and ET—the Penman–Monteith dual crop coefficient (PM) model, the Shuttleworth-Wallace (SW) model, and an improved version of the Shuttleworth-Wallace (SWm) model. Model selection was guided by differences in surface resistance for partially irrigated, dry, and wet soils. The results showed that the SW and SWm models produced consistent estimates of T, with the SW model overestimating T by 3–11%. In contrast, the PM model underestimated T by 9–18%, particularly during the mid-growth period when underestimation was as high as 20%. For T simulation accuracy, both the SW and SWm models outperformed the PM model. For E, the SWm model had the lowest simulation error (MRE = 25.44–33.60%) and the highest accuracy (R2 = 0.73–0.80), while the SW and PM models performed relatively poor. All the three models had a high accuracy for simulated ET (R2 > 0.87, MRE < 20%), with the SWm model being the most precise. The order of accuracy for ET simulations was SWm > SW > PM. In conclusion, both the PM and SW models provided acceptable accuracy for ET and T simulations but were less reliable for E simulation. Therefore, the SWm model was recommended for simulating T, E, and ET of drip-irrigated grapevines under greenhouse conditions in cold Northeast China.