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Purpose <p>To describe and test a scoring system for grading embolic penetration in prostate artery embolization (PAE).</p> Materials and methods <p>Multicenter retrospective study of 62 patients undergoing glue-PAE (<i>n</i>-butyl cyanoacrylate methacryloxysulfolane and ethiodized oil). Baseline angiograms and post-embolization radiographs were assessed by four consultant interventional radiologists on two occasions 6 weeks apart, grading depth and density of embolic, according to the described Glue Penetration Index Score (GPIS) and extended GPIS (eGPIS). GPIS (0–3) and eGPIS (0–3.5) scores of each hemigland were summed and whole-gland scores reported. Inter- and intra-observer variability were quantified. Clinical outcomes were assessed at 3 months.</p> Results <p>Mean reduction in IPSS was 12.9 ± 8.2. Mean whole-gland GPIS was 4.1 ± 1.0 (16.1% ≤ 3; 83.9% &gt; 3). Inter-observer agreement was moderate for GPIS (Fleiss’ κ = 0.50, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and fair for eGPIS (κ = 0.37, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). GPIS scores showed no significant intra-observer variability on repeat scoring (Cochran’s Q, <i>p</i> = 0.39), whereas eGPIS did (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Only baseline IPSS correlated with 3-month clinical outcomes.</p> Conclusion <p>GPIS is a repeatable and reproducible score which may assist standardization of the description of extent of glue penetration during PAE in future studies.</p>

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Glue Penetration Index Score for Use during Glue Prostate Artery Embolization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月14日

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  • Conrad von Stempel,
  • Ganesh Vigneswaran,
  • Mark Little,
  • Alexis Quirantes,
  • Ahmed Al-Nowfal,
  • Shian Patel,
  • David Beckett,
  • Romaric Loffroy,
  • Clare Bent

摘要

Purpose

To describe and test a scoring system for grading embolic penetration in prostate artery embolization (PAE).

Materials and methods

Multicenter retrospective study of 62 patients undergoing glue-PAE (n-butyl cyanoacrylate methacryloxysulfolane and ethiodized oil). Baseline angiograms and post-embolization radiographs were assessed by four consultant interventional radiologists on two occasions 6 weeks apart, grading depth and density of embolic, according to the described Glue Penetration Index Score (GPIS) and extended GPIS (eGPIS). GPIS (0–3) and eGPIS (0–3.5) scores of each hemigland were summed and whole-gland scores reported. Inter- and intra-observer variability were quantified. Clinical outcomes were assessed at 3 months.

Results

Mean reduction in IPSS was 12.9 ± 8.2. Mean whole-gland GPIS was 4.1 ± 1.0 (16.1% ≤ 3; 83.9% > 3). Inter-observer agreement was moderate for GPIS (Fleiss’ κ = 0.50, p < 0.0001) and fair for eGPIS (κ = 0.37, p < 0.0001). GPIS scores showed no significant intra-observer variability on repeat scoring (Cochran’s Q, p = 0.39), whereas eGPIS did (p = 0.02). Only baseline IPSS correlated with 3-month clinical outcomes.

Conclusion

GPIS is a repeatable and reproducible score which may assist standardization of the description of extent of glue penetration during PAE in future studies.