Advanced Interventional Treatments in Retinoblastoma Management: A Comprehensive Review

Retinoblastoma is the most common eye malignancy in children that if left untreated can invade intraocular structures, metastasize, and rarely lead to death. Traditionally treated with systemic chemotherapy, Intra-arterial chemotherapy is gaining popularity as it allows for the direct administration of chemotherapy through the ophthalmic artery, thus reducing systemic side effects. Intra-arterial chemotherapy procedures have evolved, with refinements to reduce risks and radiation exposure. Intra-arterial chemotherapy boasts an impressive technical success rate and one year ocular survival even amongst advanced cases. This review offers a thorough examination of the technique, indications, contraindications, outcomes, and alternative options for Intra-arterial chemotherapy.