Social–ecological drivers of sustainable soil management in Ghana: farmer typologies and regional disparities
摘要
Sustainable soil management is vital for agricultural resilience in sub-Saharan Africa, yet adoption varies widely across regions and farmer groups. This study examines how farmer typologies interact with regional socio-ecological conditions to shape the uptake of seven sustainable soil management practices in Ghana. Using survey data from 667 smallholder farmers across four agroecological zones, we apply typology analysis and mixed-effects modeling to capture cross-scale drivers of adoption. Four distinct typologies emerged: Low, Moderate, High, and Intensive Adopters, each associated with different resource profiles and regional distributions. Adoption patterns showed strong spatial structuring, with Volta exhibiting diversified portfolios and Ashanti concentrated among low-adoption profiles. Education and soil testing frequency displayed significant non-linear effects, while unexplained regional variance highlighted the influence of local institutions and ecological pressures. These findings underscore that adoption cannot be explained by farmer characteristics alone but reflects interactions between individual capacities and place-based conditions. The study provides actionable insights for regionally adaptive soil governance and climate-resilient agricultural policies in sub-Saharan Africa.