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<p>Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and heavy metals are contaminants that threaten ecosystem health. Migratory birds can bioaccumulate these contaminants; therefore, contaminant effects should be assessed during reproductive, migratory, and wintering stages. We sampled 27 Northern Pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) and 26 Northern Shovelers (<i>Spatula clypeata</i>) wintering in southern Sinaloa, Mexico. We measured mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in breast feathers and OCPs in liver and muscle. Biomarkers included heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, genotoxicity metrics, organosomatic indices, and the condition index (CI). These migratory ducks use a wide variety of sites in the central and western United States, Canada, and Alaska, and along the Mexican portion of the eastern Pacific Flyway. Northern Shoveler showed significantly higher concentrations of Hg in feathers (565.80 ± 544.70 ng g<sup>–1</sup> dw and 737.70 ± 598.60 ng g<sup>–1</sup> dw, for females and males, respectively) compared to those found in Northern Pintail (134.90 ± 165.90 ng g<sup>–1</sup> dw and 138.50 ± 91.30 ng g<sup>-1</sup> dw, for females and males, respectively). Although there were no significant differences between species in feather Pb concentrations (Northern Shoveler: 3061.00 ± 1957.10 ng g<sup>–1</sup> dw and 3252.10 ± 2290.90 ng g<sup>–1</sup> dw; Northern Pintail: 5261.00 ± 4053.30 ng g<sup>–1</sup> dw and 3192.10 ± 2511.80 ng g<sup>–1</sup> dw, for females and males, respectively), the concentrations in some individuals exceeded the threshold for harmful effects, indicating widespread Pb contamination in wetlands along migratory routes. Compared to Northern Pintail, Northern Shoveler exhibited higher organosomatic index values, higher concentrations of Hg and OCP, and a higher OCP liver/muscle ratio. Both species showed similar associations between OCP and Pb concentrations and high spleen somatic index (SSI) values. For both species, no significant relationships were observed between contaminants and the heterophile/lymphocyte ratio or bud cells in polychromatic erythrocytes. Our results indicate that both species, despite coexisting along their migratory routes and in their wintering habitat, likely have different contaminant profiles due to differences in trophic habits.</p>

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Multi-tissue contamination (mercury, lead, and organochlorine pesticides) and health biomarkers in Northern Shoveler and Northern Pintail during wintering

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月31日

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  • Sarahi Roos-Muñoz,
  • Edgar Cruz-Acevedo,
  • Jose Alfredo Castillo-Guerrero,
  • Olivia Torres-Bugarin,
  • Oscar Basilio del Río-Zaragoza,
  • Jaqueline García-Hernandez,
  • Gabriela Aguilar-Zarate,
  • Gustavo D. Danemann,
  • Miguel Betancourt-Lozano

摘要

Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and heavy metals are contaminants that threaten ecosystem health. Migratory birds can bioaccumulate these contaminants; therefore, contaminant effects should be assessed during reproductive, migratory, and wintering stages. We sampled 27 Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) and 26 Northern Shovelers (Spatula clypeata) wintering in southern Sinaloa, Mexico. We measured mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in breast feathers and OCPs in liver and muscle. Biomarkers included heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, genotoxicity metrics, organosomatic indices, and the condition index (CI). These migratory ducks use a wide variety of sites in the central and western United States, Canada, and Alaska, and along the Mexican portion of the eastern Pacific Flyway. Northern Shoveler showed significantly higher concentrations of Hg in feathers (565.80 ± 544.70 ng g–1 dw and 737.70 ± 598.60 ng g–1 dw, for females and males, respectively) compared to those found in Northern Pintail (134.90 ± 165.90 ng g–1 dw and 138.50 ± 91.30 ng g-1 dw, for females and males, respectively). Although there were no significant differences between species in feather Pb concentrations (Northern Shoveler: 3061.00 ± 1957.10 ng g–1 dw and 3252.10 ± 2290.90 ng g–1 dw; Northern Pintail: 5261.00 ± 4053.30 ng g–1 dw and 3192.10 ± 2511.80 ng g–1 dw, for females and males, respectively), the concentrations in some individuals exceeded the threshold for harmful effects, indicating widespread Pb contamination in wetlands along migratory routes. Compared to Northern Pintail, Northern Shoveler exhibited higher organosomatic index values, higher concentrations of Hg and OCP, and a higher OCP liver/muscle ratio. Both species showed similar associations between OCP and Pb concentrations and high spleen somatic index (SSI) values. For both species, no significant relationships were observed between contaminants and the heterophile/lymphocyte ratio or bud cells in polychromatic erythrocytes. Our results indicate that both species, despite coexisting along their migratory routes and in their wintering habitat, likely have different contaminant profiles due to differences in trophic habits.