Foraging in proximity to humans can shape social centrality in wild dolphins
摘要
Some marine animals form social groups to detect and exploit patchy ocean resources efficiently, which can be beneficial during periods of low prey availability. However, human-provided food sources in coastal areas can reduce the necessity for group hunting, potentially weakening social bonds among animals adapted to human-disturbed environments. In Sarasota Bay, Florida, some members of the long-term resident bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) community engage in human-centric foraging (such as begging, foraging around fishing gear, scavenging), especially following environmental changes, such as intense harmful algal blooms that deplete natural prey. Here, we model how varying levels of human interaction with dolphins’ foraging behaviors influence their sociality and evaluate correlations among behavior changes and harmful algal blooms. Coupling networks with Bayesian inference, we analyzed 18 years of dolphin social and foraging behavior around intense harmful algal blooms to compare the social centrality of individuals engaged in different human-centric tactics, and to examine how the effects of these tactics on centrality vary with bloom conditions. Dolphins that engaged in more direct, risky interactions with humans (e.g., begging or being provisioned) tended to be less socially connected with other dolphins; by contrast those engaging in human-centric foraging away from humans (e.g., foraging around fixed fishing gear) were more embedded in their social networks, especially after algal blooms. These findings have implications for understanding the long-term impact of human interactions on the social cohesion of wildlife communities.