Predator coloration and prey vision: the foraging cost to predators
摘要
Animal coloration plays a pivotal role in both intra- and inter-specific interactions, influencing dynamics in predation and mate selection. While numerous costs associated with conspicuous colors have been identified, such as increased predation risk, a significant yet overlooked aspect in the literature is the potential impact on foraging. If predators exhibit conspicuous colors and rely on visually guided prey, they might become more easily detectable, thereby compromising their predation efficiency. However, considering the variability in color perception across species, there might exist a scenario wherein natural selection favors colors that stand out to intended receivers (e.g. potential mates) while remaining inconspicuous to unintended ones (such as prey). To explore these hypotheses, we manipulated the color of a model predator, the jumping spider Menemerus bivittatus (painted blue, red, and grey); and used as prey two lineages of Drosophila melanogaster: the wild type and the white eye mutant, which is believed to have reduced sensitivity to red compared to wild flies. Our results were mixed, with spiders painted in blue exhibiting lower attack rates when preying on wild flies when compared to grey painted spiders. However, flies did not change their behavior in the presence of different color spiders. These results underscore the necessity for further behavioral and comparative studies on the potential foraging costs associated with conspicuousness for predators.