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<p>Studies on behavioural ecology of tadpoles of Indian region are limited to <i>Clinotarsus curtipes</i>, <i>Indosylvirana indica</i>, <i>Duttaphrynus melanostictus</i>, <i>Duttaphrynus scaber</i>, <i>Sphaerotheca breviceps</i>, <i>Hoplobatrachus tigerinus</i>, <i>Microhyla ornata, Polypedates maculatus</i>, <i>Uperodon taprobanicus</i> and <i>Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis</i>. These studies show: 1) Microhabitat choice is correlated with morphological features. 2) The sensory basis of food or predator detection in herbivorous tadpoles is chemoreception. In contrast, carnivorous tadpoles use both visual and chemical cues in prey detection/ capture. 3) Prey species detect predator derived chemical cues (kairomones, alarm cues or dietary metabolites of conspecific fed predators) and respond by evoking defences like reduced activity, immobility, greater use of refugia and high burst speeds. 4) Those with innate ability respond to predators on their first encounter and evoke defence behaviours. On subsequent encounters they show more intense defence behaviours. 5) Tadpoles of <i>I. indica</i> show ideal free distribution dynamics a rare and unique behaviour exhibited in response to contrasting patch profitability. 6) Kin discrimination may persist throughout larval development (<i>D. melanostictus</i>) or limited to early developmental stages (<i>I. indica</i>) or be context dependent (<i>D. scaber</i>) depending upon the species. Not all species exhibit kin discrimination. The kinship appears to reduce asymmetric competition (both in crowded and uncrowded conditions) and promote uniform growth and synchronous metamorphosis of siblings. 7) Under desiccation or predation risks tadpoles show developmental phenotypic plasticity involving and a trade-off between larval period and size to metamorphosis. The review points out gaps in our understanding of life history strategies of anurans to inspire further studies.</p>

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Behavioural ecology and developmental plasticity in Indian anuran tadpoles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月26日

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  • Srinivas K. Saidapur

摘要

Studies on behavioural ecology of tadpoles of Indian region are limited to Clinotarsus curtipes, Indosylvirana indica, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Duttaphrynus scaber, Sphaerotheca breviceps, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Microhyla ornata, Polypedates maculatus, Uperodon taprobanicus and Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis. These studies show: 1) Microhabitat choice is correlated with morphological features. 2) The sensory basis of food or predator detection in herbivorous tadpoles is chemoreception. In contrast, carnivorous tadpoles use both visual and chemical cues in prey detection/ capture. 3) Prey species detect predator derived chemical cues (kairomones, alarm cues or dietary metabolites of conspecific fed predators) and respond by evoking defences like reduced activity, immobility, greater use of refugia and high burst speeds. 4) Those with innate ability respond to predators on their first encounter and evoke defence behaviours. On subsequent encounters they show more intense defence behaviours. 5) Tadpoles of I. indica show ideal free distribution dynamics a rare and unique behaviour exhibited in response to contrasting patch profitability. 6) Kin discrimination may persist throughout larval development (D. melanostictus) or limited to early developmental stages (I. indica) or be context dependent (D. scaber) depending upon the species. Not all species exhibit kin discrimination. The kinship appears to reduce asymmetric competition (both in crowded and uncrowded conditions) and promote uniform growth and synchronous metamorphosis of siblings. 7) Under desiccation or predation risks tadpoles show developmental phenotypic plasticity involving and a trade-off between larval period and size to metamorphosis. The review points out gaps in our understanding of life history strategies of anurans to inspire further studies.