Thigh muscle and fat volumes are associated with knee cartilage abnormalities and bone marrow edema-like lesions: data from the osteoarthritis initiative

To investigate the associations of thigh muscle and fat volumes with structural abnormalities on MRI related to knee osteoarthritis.

MRI studies of the thighs and knees from 100 individuals were randomly selected from the Osteoarthritis Initiative Cohort. Whole Organ MR Scoring (WORMS) and effusion-synovitis scoring were performed in all knee MRI. Thigh muscles, intermuscular fat, and subcutaneous fat were manually segmented in 15 consecutive MR thigh images. Radiographic Kellgren-Lawrence grades (KLG) were also obtained in all knee radiographs. Independent t-tests were used to investigate the associations between thigh muscle and fat volumes, and sex. Mixed-effects analyses were obtained to investigate the associations between thigh muscle and fat volumes, KLG, WOMAC pain score, cartilage and bone marrow WORMS, as well as effusion-synovitis scores.

Women had higher subcutaneous fat volume than men (616.82 vs. 229.13 cm³, p < 0.01) and men had higher muscle volumes than women (p < 0.01). Quadriceps (coef = -2.15, p = 0.01) and vastus medialis (coef = -1.84, p = 0.03) volumes were negatively associated with the WORMS cartilage scores. Intermuscular fat volume (coef = 0.48, p = 0.01) was positively associated with WORMS bone marrow edema-like lesion (BMEL) scores. The quadriceps (coef = -0.99, p < 0.01) and hamstring (coef = -0.59, p = 0.01) volumes were negatively associated with WORMS BMEL scores. No evidence of an association was found between thigh muscle and fat volumes with KLG and effusion-synovitis grading (p > 0.05).

Increased quadriceps and hamstring volumes were negatively associated with cartilage lesion and BMEL scores while no evidence of an association was found between thigh muscle and fat volumes, and radiographic knee osteoarthritis or effusion-synovitis grading.