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<p>Pelagic microbial food webs (MFWs) functionally govern marine biogeochemical fluxes, oceanic productivity and climate feedbacks via complex trophic-level interactions, yet their compositional dynamics, trophic-level interactions and tightly coupled physicochemical driving factors remain insufficient in China’s marginal seas (CMS: South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea). Here, we elucidate the MFW trophic structure (picoplankton [Pico], nanoplankton [Nano], microzooplankton [Micro]) and its physicochemical drivers across four CMS subzones during January 2025, utilizing flow cytometry, microscopy, and satellite remote sensing-derived hydrographic datasets. Results revealed a latitudinal northward shift in the MFW from Pico- to Micro-dominated assemblages. A size-structured framework was proposed, with consistent negative slopes for normalized abundance spectrum (-3.0 ± 0.2) and biomass spectrum (-1.8 ± 0.2)—validating metabolic ecological theory, with the biomass of 20–200&#xa0;μm plankton accounting for 9.9% of that of 0.2–2.0&#xa0;μm plankton. Specifically, trophic-level abundance ratios conformed to a ecological pyramid structure, with Pico: Micro and Nano: Micro ratios spanning 5 and 2 orders of magnitude, respectively. Concerning biotic-abiotic interplays, nutrient-driven bottom-up control emerged as the primary regulatory mechanism for both Pico and Nano spanning all seas except the Kuroshio-influenced zones. Multivariate analyses further identified synergistic environmental forcing—where nitrate-phosphate co-limitation interacts with strong current mixing—as the key modulator of MFW stability thresholds. Our findings provide a trait-based framework for predicting eutrophic marginal sea resilience and modeling carbon export under climate change.</p>

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Physicochemical Parameters Govern Winter Pelagic Microbial Food Web Dynamics in China’s Marginal Seas

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Chaofeng Wang,
  • Wenbo Yang,
  • Wenhua Bian,
  • Guisheng Song,
  • Yawen Wang,
  • Zhimeng Xu,
  • Xiaoyu Wang,
  • Longwen Fu,
  • Junjian Wang,
  • Zhilun Zhang,
  • Yan Wang,
  • Zhen Guo,
  • Li Zhao

摘要

Pelagic microbial food webs (MFWs) functionally govern marine biogeochemical fluxes, oceanic productivity and climate feedbacks via complex trophic-level interactions, yet their compositional dynamics, trophic-level interactions and tightly coupled physicochemical driving factors remain insufficient in China’s marginal seas (CMS: South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea). Here, we elucidate the MFW trophic structure (picoplankton [Pico], nanoplankton [Nano], microzooplankton [Micro]) and its physicochemical drivers across four CMS subzones during January 2025, utilizing flow cytometry, microscopy, and satellite remote sensing-derived hydrographic datasets. Results revealed a latitudinal northward shift in the MFW from Pico- to Micro-dominated assemblages. A size-structured framework was proposed, with consistent negative slopes for normalized abundance spectrum (-3.0 ± 0.2) and biomass spectrum (-1.8 ± 0.2)—validating metabolic ecological theory, with the biomass of 20–200 μm plankton accounting for 9.9% of that of 0.2–2.0 μm plankton. Specifically, trophic-level abundance ratios conformed to a ecological pyramid structure, with Pico: Micro and Nano: Micro ratios spanning 5 and 2 orders of magnitude, respectively. Concerning biotic-abiotic interplays, nutrient-driven bottom-up control emerged as the primary regulatory mechanism for both Pico and Nano spanning all seas except the Kuroshio-influenced zones. Multivariate analyses further identified synergistic environmental forcing—where nitrate-phosphate co-limitation interacts with strong current mixing—as the key modulator of MFW stability thresholds. Our findings provide a trait-based framework for predicting eutrophic marginal sea resilience and modeling carbon export under climate change.