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<p>Diatoms are the crucial functional groups of phytoplankton, and play an important ecological role in the Antarctic waters. However, their autumn and winter distribution patterns remain poorly documented due to harsh climatic conditions. This study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of micro-diatom communities in waters near the Antarctic Peninsula during March 2015, April 2017, and May 2021. A total of 103 net phytoplankton samples were analyzed using microscopy, combined with environmental parameters and krill acoustic data. Two distinct diatom assemblages separated approximately along the South Shetland Islands (SSI) boundary (Global <i>R</i> = 0.496, <i>P</i> = 0.001). The boundaries of community delineation appear to fluctuate with seasonal changes, suggesting that the SSI boundary region may serve as a transitional area in community succession. Dominant species included <i>Chaetoceros atlanticus</i>, <i>C. dichaeta</i>, <i>C. criophilus</i>, <i>Fragilariopsis kerguelensis</i>, <i>Proboscia alata</i>, <i>P. inermis</i> and <i>Pseudo-nitzschia lineola</i> etc. driving inter-group differences. Their ecological strategies exhibit notable environmental adaptability. Micro-diatoms abundance decreased dramatically across the study period, from a mean of 2,571.77 × 10³ cells/L in 2015 to 6.22 × 10³ cells/L in 2021. Correlation analysis revealed temperature and iron concentration as the primary environmental drivers. Generalized Additive Models showed interactive effects indicating elevated diatoms abundance under higher temperatures and relatively low Fe conditions. These findings highlight diatoms <i>R</i>-strategy adaptation and optimization of community structure to heterogeneous habitats and underscore the importance of continued monitoring to assess climate change impacts on Antarctic marine ecosystems.</p>

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Dynamics of Micro-Diatoms in the Austral Autumn/Winter Reveal Ecological Strategies in the Northern End of the Antarctic Peninsula

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Lu Liu,
  • Xianyong Zhao,
  • Xinliang Wang,
  • Yunxia Zhao,
  • Peiru Luo,
  • Chenchen Sun,
  • Wenxiong Li,
  • Jiancheng Zhu,
  • Gangzhou Fan,
  • Yiping Ying,
  • Jichang Zhang,
  • Qingchang Xu,
  • Xiuxia Mu

摘要

Diatoms are the crucial functional groups of phytoplankton, and play an important ecological role in the Antarctic waters. However, their autumn and winter distribution patterns remain poorly documented due to harsh climatic conditions. This study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of micro-diatom communities in waters near the Antarctic Peninsula during March 2015, April 2017, and May 2021. A total of 103 net phytoplankton samples were analyzed using microscopy, combined with environmental parameters and krill acoustic data. Two distinct diatom assemblages separated approximately along the South Shetland Islands (SSI) boundary (Global R = 0.496, P = 0.001). The boundaries of community delineation appear to fluctuate with seasonal changes, suggesting that the SSI boundary region may serve as a transitional area in community succession. Dominant species included Chaetoceros atlanticus, C. dichaeta, C. criophilus, Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, Proboscia alata, P. inermis and Pseudo-nitzschia lineola etc. driving inter-group differences. Their ecological strategies exhibit notable environmental adaptability. Micro-diatoms abundance decreased dramatically across the study period, from a mean of 2,571.77 × 10³ cells/L in 2015 to 6.22 × 10³ cells/L in 2021. Correlation analysis revealed temperature and iron concentration as the primary environmental drivers. Generalized Additive Models showed interactive effects indicating elevated diatoms abundance under higher temperatures and relatively low Fe conditions. These findings highlight diatoms R-strategy adaptation and optimization of community structure to heterogeneous habitats and underscore the importance of continued monitoring to assess climate change impacts on Antarctic marine ecosystems.