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Background <p>Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) cine imaging is the gold standard for assessing ventricular volumes and function. It typically requires two-dimensional (2D) bSSFP sequences and multiple breath-holds, which can be challenging for patients with limited breath-holding capacity. Three-dimensional (3D) cardiovascular magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) usually suffers from lengthy acquisition. Free-running 3D cine imaging with deep learning (DL) reconstruction offers a potential solution by acquiring both cine and angiography simultaneously.</p> Objective <p>To evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of a ferumoxytol-enhanced 3D cine imaging MR sequence combined with DL reconstruction and Heart-NAV technology in patients with congenital heart disease.</p> Materials and methods <p>This Institutional Review Board approved this prospective study that compared (i) functional and volumetric measurements between 3 and 2D cine images; (ii) contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between deep-learning (DL) and compressed sensing (CS)–reconstructed 3D cine images; and (iii) cross-sectional area (CSA) measurements between DL-reconstructed 3D cine images and the clinical 3D MRA images acquired using the bSSFP sequence. Paired <i>t</i>-tests were used to compare group measurements, and Bland–Altman analysis assessed agreement in CSA and volumetric data.</p> Results <p>Sixteen patients (seven males; median age 6&#xa0;years) were recruited. 3D cine imaging showed slightly larger right ventricular (RV) volumes and lower RV ejection fraction (EF) compared to 2D cine, with a significant difference only in RV end-systolic volume (<i>P</i> = 0.02). Left ventricular (LV) volumes and EF were slightly higher, and LV mass was lower, without significant differences (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.05). DL-reconstructed 3D cine images showed significantly higher CNR in all pulmonary veins than CS-reconstructed 3D cine images (all<i> P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Conclusion <p>Highly accelerated free-running 3D cine imaging with DL reconstruction shortens acquisition times and provides comparable volumetric measurements to 2D cine, and comparable CSA to clinical 3D MRA.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Free-running isotropic three-dimensional cine magnetic resonance imaging with deep learning image reconstruction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月29日

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  • Sukran Erdem,
  • Orhan Erdem,
  • Samantha Stebbings,
  • Gerald Greil,
  • Tarique Hussain,
  • Qing Zou

摘要

Background

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) cine imaging is the gold standard for assessing ventricular volumes and function. It typically requires two-dimensional (2D) bSSFP sequences and multiple breath-holds, which can be challenging for patients with limited breath-holding capacity. Three-dimensional (3D) cardiovascular magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) usually suffers from lengthy acquisition. Free-running 3D cine imaging with deep learning (DL) reconstruction offers a potential solution by acquiring both cine and angiography simultaneously.

Objective

To evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of a ferumoxytol-enhanced 3D cine imaging MR sequence combined with DL reconstruction and Heart-NAV technology in patients with congenital heart disease.

Materials and methods

This Institutional Review Board approved this prospective study that compared (i) functional and volumetric measurements between 3 and 2D cine images; (ii) contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between deep-learning (DL) and compressed sensing (CS)–reconstructed 3D cine images; and (iii) cross-sectional area (CSA) measurements between DL-reconstructed 3D cine images and the clinical 3D MRA images acquired using the bSSFP sequence. Paired t-tests were used to compare group measurements, and Bland–Altman analysis assessed agreement in CSA and volumetric data.

Results

Sixteen patients (seven males; median age 6 years) were recruited. 3D cine imaging showed slightly larger right ventricular (RV) volumes and lower RV ejection fraction (EF) compared to 2D cine, with a significant difference only in RV end-systolic volume (P = 0.02). Left ventricular (LV) volumes and EF were slightly higher, and LV mass was lower, without significant differences (P ≥ 0.05). DL-reconstructed 3D cine images showed significantly higher CNR in all pulmonary veins than CS-reconstructed 3D cine images (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Highly accelerated free-running 3D cine imaging with DL reconstruction shortens acquisition times and provides comparable volumetric measurements to 2D cine, and comparable CSA to clinical 3D MRA.

Graphical Abstract