<p>A class of Keller–Segel–Stokes systems generalizing the prototype <Equation ID="Equ57"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} n_{t}+u\cdot \nabla n=\Delta n-\nabla \cdot (n S(n)\nabla c),&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0, \\ u\cdot \nabla c=\Delta c-c+n,&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0, \\ u_{t}=\Delta u-\nabla P+n\nabla \phi ,&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0, \\ \nabla \cdot u=0,&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0 \end{array}\right. } \qquad (\star ) \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> <mspace width="2em" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>⋆</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>in a smoothly bounded domain <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with smooth boundary, where the gravitational potential <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi \in W^{2,\infty }(\Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>W</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <i>S</i>(<i>n</i>) referring to the chemotactic sensitivity function is considered to satisfy <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(|S(n)| \le C_S(1 + n)^{-\alpha }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mo>≤</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>S</mi> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with some <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C_S&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>S</mi> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \in \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. For all sufficiently regular initial data, the corresponding initial-boundary value problem for <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\star )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>⋆</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> under no-flux/no-flux/Dirichlet conditions is shown to possess a globally bounded classical solution whenever the saturation exponent satisfies <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha &gt;\frac{1}{3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. This result is sharp with respect to the allowed range of <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, extending and optimizing earlier works that required stronger saturation assumptions.</p>

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Optimal Regularity and the Sharp Saturation Exponent for the 3D Keller–Segel–Stokes System

  • Liqiong Pu,
  • Jiashan Zheng

摘要

A class of Keller–Segel–Stokes systems generalizing the prototype \(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} n_{t}+u\cdot \nabla n=\Delta n-\nabla \cdot (n S(n)\nabla c),& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0, \\ u\cdot \nabla c=\Delta c-c+n,& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0, \\ u_{t}=\Delta u-\nabla P+n\nabla \phi ,& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0, \\ \nabla \cdot u=0,& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0 \end{array}\right. } \qquad (\star ) \end{aligned}\) n t + u · n = Δ n - · ( n S ( n ) c ) , x Ω , t > 0 , u · c = Δ c - c + n , x Ω , t > 0 , u t = Δ u - P + n ϕ , x Ω , t > 0 , · u = 0 , x Ω , t > 0 ( ) in a smoothly bounded domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^3\) Ω R 3 with smooth boundary, where the gravitational potential \(\phi \in W^{2,\infty }(\Omega )\) ϕ W 2 , ( Ω ) , and S(n) referring to the chemotactic sensitivity function is considered to satisfy \(|S(n)| \le C_S(1 + n)^{-\alpha }\) | S ( n ) | C S ( 1 + n ) - α for all \(n\ge 0\) n 0 with some \(C_S>0\) C S > 0 and \(\alpha \in \mathbb {R}\) α R . For all sufficiently regular initial data, the corresponding initial-boundary value problem for \((\star )\) ( ) under no-flux/no-flux/Dirichlet conditions is shown to possess a globally bounded classical solution whenever the saturation exponent satisfies \(\alpha >\frac{1}{3}\) α > 1 3 . This result is sharp with respect to the allowed range of \(\alpha \) α , extending and optimizing earlier works that required stronger saturation assumptions.