<p>This article primarily investigates the convergence rates of solutions to the chemotaxis-Stokes system, which consists of two distinct species represented by the following system <Equation ID="Equ63"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u_{1t}+w\cdot \nabla u_{1}=\Delta u_{1}-\chi \nabla \cdot \bigl (u_{1}\nabla v_{1}\bigl )+u_{1}\bigl (\lambda _{1}-\mu _{1}u_{1}+au_{2}\bigl ),&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ u_{2t}+w\cdot \nabla u_{2}=\Delta u_{2}+\xi \nabla \cdot \bigl (u_{2}\nabla v_{2}\bigl )+u_{2}\bigl (\lambda _{2}-\mu _{2}u_{2}-bu_{1}\bigl ),&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ v_{1t}+w\cdot \nabla v_{1}=\Delta v_{1}-v_{1}+u_{2},&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ w\cdot \nabla v_{2}=\Delta v_{2}-v_{2}+u_{1},&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ w_{t}+\nabla P=\Delta w+(u_{1}+u_{2})\nabla \phi ,&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ \nabla \cdot w=0,&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mi>χ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>ξ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mi>b</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>w</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>w</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>subject to homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions within a smooth bounded domain <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. By formulating a suitable energy functional, the following results are established: <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\bullet \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>∙</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> If <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda _{2}\mu _{1}&gt;b\lambda _{1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mi>b</mi> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and both <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu _{1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu _{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are sufficiently large, it is demonstrated that for any global bounded solution originating from adequately regular initial data with <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u_{10}, u_{20}\not \equiv 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>10</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>20</mn> </msub> <mo>≢</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <Equation ID="Equ64"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} (u_{1},u_{2},v_{1},v_{2},w)(\cdot ,t)\rightarrow (u_{1\star },u_{2\star },u_{2\star },u_{1\star },0) \quad \text{ uniformly } \text{ in }~\Omega ~\text{ as }~t\rightarrow \infty , \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>·</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>uniformly</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>as</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((u_{1\star },u_{2\star },u_{2\star },u_{1\star },0)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>⋆</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denotes the unique positive spatially homogeneous equilibrium of this system. <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\bullet \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>∙</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> If <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda _{2}\mu _{1}\le b\lambda _{1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>b</mi> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu _{1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is sufficiently large, then all global bounded solutions with reasonably smooth initial data satisfying <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u_{10}\not \equiv 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>10</mn> </msub> <mo>≢</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> exhibit the following behavior: <Equation ID="Equ65"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( (u_{1},u_{2},v_{1},v_{2},w)(\cdot ,t) \rightarrow \left( \frac{\lambda _{1}}{\mu _{1}},0,0,\frac{\lambda _{1}}{\mu _{1}},0\right) \quad \text {uniformly on} \ \Omega \ \text {as} \ t \rightarrow \infty . \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>·</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mfenced> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>uniformly on</mtext> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mtext>as</mtext> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation></p>

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

Asymptotic Behavior of a 3D Chemotaxis-Stokes Predator–Prey System Incorporating Logistic Growth

  • Cunsai Shen,
  • Jiashan Zheng,
  • Liqiong Pu

摘要

This article primarily investigates the convergence rates of solutions to the chemotaxis-Stokes system, which consists of two distinct species represented by the following system \(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u_{1t}+w\cdot \nabla u_{1}=\Delta u_{1}-\chi \nabla \cdot \bigl (u_{1}\nabla v_{1}\bigl )+u_{1}\bigl (\lambda _{1}-\mu _{1}u_{1}+au_{2}\bigl ),& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ u_{2t}+w\cdot \nabla u_{2}=\Delta u_{2}+\xi \nabla \cdot \bigl (u_{2}\nabla v_{2}\bigl )+u_{2}\bigl (\lambda _{2}-\mu _{2}u_{2}-bu_{1}\bigl ),& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ v_{1t}+w\cdot \nabla v_{1}=\Delta v_{1}-v_{1}+u_{2},& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ w\cdot \nabla v_{2}=\Delta v_{2}-v_{2}+u_{1},& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ w_{t}+\nabla P=\Delta w+(u_{1}+u_{2})\nabla \phi ,& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ \nabla \cdot w=0,& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\) u 1 t + w · u 1 = Δ u 1 - χ · ( u 1 v 1 ) + u 1 ( λ 1 - μ 1 u 1 + a u 2 ) , x Ω , t > 0 , u 2 t + w · u 2 = Δ u 2 + ξ · ( u 2 v 2 ) + u 2 ( λ 2 - μ 2 u 2 - b u 1 ) , x Ω , t > 0 , v 1 t + w · v 1 = Δ v 1 - v 1 + u 2 , x Ω , t > 0 , w · v 2 = Δ v 2 - v 2 + u 1 , x Ω , t > 0 , w t + P = Δ w + ( u 1 + u 2 ) ϕ , x Ω , t > 0 , · w = 0 , x Ω , t > 0 , subject to homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions within a smooth bounded domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^3\) Ω R 3 . By formulating a suitable energy functional, the following results are established: \(\bullet \) If \(\lambda _{2}\mu _{1}>b\lambda _{1}\) λ 2 μ 1 > b λ 1 and both \(\mu _{1}\) μ 1 and \(\mu _{2}\) μ 2 are sufficiently large, it is demonstrated that for any global bounded solution originating from adequately regular initial data with \(u_{10}, u_{20}\not \equiv 0\) u 10 , u 20 0 , \(\begin{aligned} (u_{1},u_{2},v_{1},v_{2},w)(\cdot ,t)\rightarrow (u_{1\star },u_{2\star },u_{2\star },u_{1\star },0) \quad \text{ uniformly } \text{ in }~\Omega ~\text{ as }~t\rightarrow \infty , \end{aligned}\) ( u 1 , u 2 , v 1 , v 2 , w ) ( · , t ) ( u 1 , u 2 , u 2 , u 1 , 0 ) uniformly in Ω as t , where \((u_{1\star },u_{2\star },u_{2\star },u_{1\star },0)\) ( u 1 , u 2 , u 2 , u 1 , 0 ) denotes the unique positive spatially homogeneous equilibrium of this system. \(\bullet \) If \(\lambda _{2}\mu _{1}\le b\lambda _{1}\) λ 2 μ 1 b λ 1 and \(\mu _{1}\) μ 1 is sufficiently large, then all global bounded solutions with reasonably smooth initial data satisfying \(u_{10}\not \equiv 0\) u 10 0 exhibit the following behavior: \( (u_{1},u_{2},v_{1},v_{2},w)(\cdot ,t) \rightarrow \left( \frac{\lambda _{1}}{\mu _{1}},0,0,\frac{\lambda _{1}}{\mu _{1}},0\right) \quad \text {uniformly on} \ \Omega \ \text {as} \ t \rightarrow \infty . \) ( u 1 , u 2 , v 1 , v 2 , w ) ( · , t ) λ 1 μ 1 , 0 , 0 , λ 1 μ 1 , 0 uniformly on Ω as t .