<p>This paper discusses an initial-boundary value problem for a doubly haptotactic cross-diffusion system arising from the oncolytic virotherapy <Equation ID="Equ100"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2025_10232_Article_Equ100.gif" Format="GIF" Height="157" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="445" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u_t=\Delta u^m-\nabla \cdot (u\nabla v) +\mu u(1-u)-uz,\;\;&amp; \;x\in \Omega ,~t&gt;0, \\ v_t=-(u+w)v,\;\;&amp; \;x\in \Omega ,~t&gt;0, \\ w_t=\Delta w-\nabla \cdot (w\nabla v)-w+uz,\;\;&amp; \;x\in \Omega ,~t&gt;0, \\ z_t=D\Delta z-z-uz+\beta w,\;\;&amp; \;x\in \Omega ,~t&gt;0, \\ \frac{\partial u^m}{\partial \nu }-u\frac{\partial v}{\partial \nu }=\frac{\partial w}{\partial \nu }-w\frac{\partial v}{\partial \nu }=\frac{\partial z}{\partial \nu }=0,\;\;&amp; \;x\in \partial \Omega ,~t&gt;0, \\ u(x,0)=u_{0},~v(x,0)=v_{0},~w(x,0)=w_{0}, \\ z(x,0)=z_{0},\;\;&amp; \;x\in \Omega , \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>v</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>w</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>D</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mi>w</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>ν</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>ν</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>w</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>ν</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>ν</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>ν</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>v</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>w</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>z</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>in a smooth bounded domain <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2025_10232_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="130" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^{N}(N=1,2) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2025_10232_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="144" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( m&gt;1, \beta&gt;0, \mu &gt;0 \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2025_10232_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( D&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We prove that for any large initial datum, the problem admits a global ‘very’ weak solution for any <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="245_2025_10232_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m&gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Global Weak Solutions in a Haptotactic Cross-Diffusion System Modeling Oncolytic Virotherapy with Nonlinear Diffusion

  • Yue Zhou,
  • Changchun Liu

摘要

This paper discusses an initial-boundary value problem for a doubly haptotactic cross-diffusion system arising from the oncolytic virotherapy \(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u_t=\Delta u^m-\nabla \cdot (u\nabla v) +\mu u(1-u)-uz,\;\;& \;x\in \Omega ,~t>0, \\ v_t=-(u+w)v,\;\;& \;x\in \Omega ,~t>0, \\ w_t=\Delta w-\nabla \cdot (w\nabla v)-w+uz,\;\;& \;x\in \Omega ,~t>0, \\ z_t=D\Delta z-z-uz+\beta w,\;\;& \;x\in \Omega ,~t>0, \\ \frac{\partial u^m}{\partial \nu }-u\frac{\partial v}{\partial \nu }=\frac{\partial w}{\partial \nu }-w\frac{\partial v}{\partial \nu }=\frac{\partial z}{\partial \nu }=0,\;\;& \;x\in \partial \Omega ,~t>0, \\ u(x,0)=u_{0},~v(x,0)=v_{0},~w(x,0)=w_{0}, \\ z(x,0)=z_{0},\;\;& \;x\in \Omega , \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\) u t = Δ u m - · ( u v ) + μ u ( 1 - u ) - u z , x Ω , t > 0 , v t = - ( u + w ) v , x Ω , t > 0 , w t = Δ w - · ( w v ) - w + u z , x Ω , t > 0 , z t = D Δ z - z - u z + β w , x Ω , t > 0 , u m ν - u v ν = w ν - w v ν = z ν = 0 , x Ω , t > 0 , u ( x , 0 ) = u 0 , v ( x , 0 ) = v 0 , w ( x , 0 ) = w 0 , z ( x , 0 ) = z 0 , x Ω , in a smooth bounded domain \( \Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^{N}(N=1,2) \) Ω R N ( N = 1 , 2 ) with \( m>1, \beta>0, \mu >0 \) m > 1 , β > 0 , μ > 0 , and \( D>0\) D > 0 . We prove that for any large initial datum, the problem admits a global ‘very’ weak solution for any \(m>1\) m > 1 .