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Background <p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) often goes undiagnosed, leads to long-term complications, and delays wound healing, posing a challenge in plastic surgery. This study studied the impacts of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (al-ADSCs) and&#xa0;photobiomodulation (PBM), individually and in combination, on wound healing in type 2 diabetic rats.</p> Methods <p>Forty-eight rats with a delayed, ischemic, and infected wound model (DIIHWM), were infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and assigned to four groups: untreated controls, wounds treated with al-ADSC, wounds exposed to&#xa0;PBM, and wounds receiving PBM combined with al-ADSC. Outcomes were assessed using stereological analyses including mast cells and qRT-PCR evaluation of oxidative stress–related genes, including <i>NADPH</i> oxidases (<i>NOX1</i> and <i>NOX4</i>), catalase (<i>CAT</i>), and&#xa0;superoxide dismutase (<i>SOD</i>), during the inflammatory (day 4) and proliferative (day 8) phases in a DIIHWM.</p> Results <p>By days 4 and 8, all treated groups showed enhanced granulation tissue formation and reduced inflammatory activity compared with controls (p &lt; 0.05). PBM and PBM+al-ADSC produced greater improvements than al-ADSC alone. On day 8, CAT gene&#xa0;expression increased in all treated groups, while <i>SOD</i> levels were significantly higher in PBM and PBM+al-ADSC groups relative to controls (p &lt; 0.05). Conversely, <i>NOX1</i> and <i>NOX4</i> gene expressions were markedly reduced in PBM and PBM+al-ADSC groups&#xa0;compared with both controls and al-ADSC-treated animals (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).&#xa0;</p> Conclusions <p> Application of al-ADSC, PBM, or their combination promoted faster wound recovery in DIIHWM of diabetic animals by modulating inflammation, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and stimulating granulation tissue formation. The combined PBM+al-ADSC and PBM-alone strategies were more effective than al-ADSC alone, particularly in downregulating <i>NOX1/NOX4</i> and upregulating SOD nd CAT.</p> Level of Evidence <p>Not gradable.</p>

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Targeting oxidative stress in diabetic wound repair: combined photobiomodulation and adipose-derived stem cell therapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Atefeh Moheghi,
  • Fatemeh Bagheri Tadi,
  • S. Mohammadhossein Noori Mougehi,
  • Atarodalsadat Mostafavinia,
  • Abdollah Amini,
  • Mobina Tohidian,
  • Soroush Bayat,
  • Reyhaneh Hosseini,
  • Zhaleh Mohsenifar,
  • Sufan Chien,
  • Mohammad Bayat

摘要

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) often goes undiagnosed, leads to long-term complications, and delays wound healing, posing a challenge in plastic surgery. This study studied the impacts of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (al-ADSCs) and photobiomodulation (PBM), individually and in combination, on wound healing in type 2 diabetic rats.

Methods

Forty-eight rats with a delayed, ischemic, and infected wound model (DIIHWM), were infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and assigned to four groups: untreated controls, wounds treated with al-ADSC, wounds exposed to PBM, and wounds receiving PBM combined with al-ADSC. Outcomes were assessed using stereological analyses including mast cells and qRT-PCR evaluation of oxidative stress–related genes, including NADPH oxidases (NOX1 and NOX4), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), during the inflammatory (day 4) and proliferative (day 8) phases in a DIIHWM.

Results

By days 4 and 8, all treated groups showed enhanced granulation tissue formation and reduced inflammatory activity compared with controls (p < 0.05). PBM and PBM+al-ADSC produced greater improvements than al-ADSC alone. On day 8, CAT gene expression increased in all treated groups, while SOD levels were significantly higher in PBM and PBM+al-ADSC groups relative to controls (p < 0.05). Conversely, NOX1 and NOX4 gene expressions were markedly reduced in PBM and PBM+al-ADSC groups compared with both controls and al-ADSC-treated animals (p < 0.05). 

Conclusions

Application of al-ADSC, PBM, or their combination promoted faster wound recovery in DIIHWM of diabetic animals by modulating inflammation, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and stimulating granulation tissue formation. The combined PBM+al-ADSC and PBM-alone strategies were more effective than al-ADSC alone, particularly in downregulating NOX1/NOX4 and upregulating SOD nd CAT.

Level of Evidence

Not gradable.