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New families of Laplacian borderenergetic graphs

  • Cahit Dede

摘要

Laplacian matrix and its spectrum are commonly used for giving a measure in networks in order to analyse its topological properties. In this paper, Laplacian matrix of graphs and their spectrum are studied. Laplacian energy of a graph G of order n is defined as \( \mathrm{{LE}}(G) = \sum _{i=1}^n|\lambda _i(L)-{\bar{d}}|\) LE ( G ) = i = 1 n | λ i ( L ) - d ¯ | , where \(\lambda _i(L)\) λ i ( L ) is the i-th eigenvalue of Laplacian matrix of G, and \({\bar{d}}\) d ¯ is their average. If \(\mathrm{{LE}}(G) = \mathrm{{LE}}(K_n)\) LE ( G ) = LE ( K n ) for the complete graph \(K_n\) K n of order n, then G is known as L-borderenergetic graph. In the first part of this paper, we construct three infinite families of non-complete disconnected L-borderenergetic graphs: \(\Lambda _1 = \{ G_{b,j,k} = [(((j-2)k-2j+2)b+1)K_{(j-1)k-(j-2)}] \cup b(K_j \times K_k)| b,j,k \in {{\mathbb {Z}}}^+\}\) Λ 1 = { G b , j , k = [ ( ( ( j - 2 ) k - 2 j + 2 ) b + 1 ) K ( j - 1 ) k - ( j - 2 ) ] b ( K j × K k ) | b , j , k Z + } , \( \Lambda _2 = \{G_{2,b} = [K_6 \nabla b(K_2 \times K_3)] \cup (4b-2)K_9 | b\in {{\mathbb {Z}}}^+ \}\) Λ 2 = { G 2 , b = [ K 6 b ( K 2 × K 3 ) ] ( 4 b - 2 ) K 9 | b Z + } , \( \Lambda _3 = \{G_{3,b} = [bK_8 \nabla b(K_2 \times K_4)] \cup (14b-4)K_{8b+6} | b\in {{\mathbb {Z}}}^+ \}\) Λ 3 = { G 3 , b = [ b K 8 b ( K 2 × K 4 ) ] ( 14 b - 4 ) K 8 b + 6 | b Z + } , where \(\nabla \) is join operator and \(\times \) × is direct product operator on graphs. Then, in the second part of this work, we construct new infinite families of non-complete connected L-borderenergetic graphs \(\Omega _1= \{K_2 \nabla \overline{aK_2^r} \vert a\in {{\mathbb {Z}}}^+\}\) Ω 1 = { K 2 a K 2 r ¯ | a Z + } , \(\Omega _2 = \{\overline{aK_3 \cup 2(K_2\times K_3)}\vert a\in {{\mathbb {Z}}}^+ \}\) Ω 2 = { a K 3 2 ( K 2 × K 3 ) ¯ | a Z + } and \(\Omega _3 = \{\overline{aK_5 \cup (K_3\times K_3)}\vert a\in {{\mathbb {Z}}}^+ \}\) Ω 3 = { a K 5 ( K 3 × K 3 ) ¯ | a Z + } , where \({\overline{G}}\) G ¯ is the complement operator on G.