Pediatric head and neck emergencies

Head and neck emergencies in children are frequent cause of visits to the hospital. Imaging plays a critical role in the management of these patients. This review article aims to familiarize radiologists with the common clinical presentations encountered, imaging characteristics of nontraumatic pediatric head and neck emergencies, and improve their ability to recognize associated complications as well as be aware of common mimics.

We researched our database for commonly encountered nontraumatic head and neck emergencies in children. A literature search was done to compare and complete the list of conditions to be discussed in this review.

The review was organized according to anatomical location of the emergent condition. Relevant anatomy has been discussed along with clinical presentation, imaging characteristics and complications. We have presented common mimics with each set of disorders. Key imaging characteristics have been delineated using radiology images.

Familiarity with the known complications of head and neck emergencies allows the radiologist to actively search for such findings, encourage early institution of appropriate therapy, and improve outcomes.