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<p>In industrial drying processes involving relative motion between the substrate and the airflow source, droplet removal from solid surfaces is a common requirement. In this study, a linear translation experimental system featuring a moving substrate and a fixed air knife was used to investigate droplet migration on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and photovoltaic glass (PV) surfaces. The results demonstrated that droplets migrated toward the near-outlet region of the air knife and eventually reached an equilibrium position, where the local airflow velocity along the migration path increased from approximately 8 m/s to 23 m/s. Increasing the substrate translation velocity enhanced droplet deformation, although the contact-line responses differed markedly between the two surfaces. Droplets on the PMMA surface primarily exhibited relatively coordinated longitudinal elongation, whereas those on the PV surface underwent more pronounced streamwise stretching and lateral confinement owing to stronger contact-line pinning. A force-balance model was established by incorporating a dynamic characteristic length derived from the deformed droplet footprint to predict the critical airflow velocity at the equilibrium position. The predicted critical velocities agreed well with the experimental results, with relative deviations generally below 5%. Further comparison with conventional formulations demonstrated that incorporating the deformation-dependent characteristic length improved prediction accuracy more effectively than refining the contact-angle distribution.</p>

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Droplet migration and force-balance prediction under non-uniform relative airflow induced by substrate translation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Ding Zhang,
  • Xinjian Bai,
  • Hua Zhai,
  • Xu Ding,
  • Yaomin Shao,
  • Cuibiao Chen,
  • Haibin Hu

摘要

In industrial drying processes involving relative motion between the substrate and the airflow source, droplet removal from solid surfaces is a common requirement. In this study, a linear translation experimental system featuring a moving substrate and a fixed air knife was used to investigate droplet migration on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and photovoltaic glass (PV) surfaces. The results demonstrated that droplets migrated toward the near-outlet region of the air knife and eventually reached an equilibrium position, where the local airflow velocity along the migration path increased from approximately 8 m/s to 23 m/s. Increasing the substrate translation velocity enhanced droplet deformation, although the contact-line responses differed markedly between the two surfaces. Droplets on the PMMA surface primarily exhibited relatively coordinated longitudinal elongation, whereas those on the PV surface underwent more pronounced streamwise stretching and lateral confinement owing to stronger contact-line pinning. A force-balance model was established by incorporating a dynamic characteristic length derived from the deformed droplet footprint to predict the critical airflow velocity at the equilibrium position. The predicted critical velocities agreed well with the experimental results, with relative deviations generally below 5%. Further comparison with conventional formulations demonstrated that incorporating the deformation-dependent characteristic length improved prediction accuracy more effectively than refining the contact-angle distribution.