<p>Photovoltaic (PV) panel performance and efficiency are significantly affected by environmental conditions, such as elevated temperatures and dust accumulation, especially in hot, arid regions. These factors directly reduce energy output and limit system reliability, making their mitigation essential for sustainable PV operation. Generally, a 10°C rise in panel temperature causes a ~ 5% decrease in electrical efficiency, primarily due to reduced open-circuit voltage (V_OC) and increased internal resistance. Moreover, dust deposition on PV panels leads to energy losses of 10%–25%, depending on atmospheric concentration and deposition duration. To address these issues, various cooling and cleaning techniques have been investigated, including passive and active cooling systems. For instance, liquid-based cooling techniques, such as water spraying, have been reported to increase PV efficiency by up to 35% in crystalline silicon (c-Si) modules. These improvements highlight the effectiveness of thermal management strategies in enhancing PV performance under harsh conditions. This paper summarizes recent progress in experimental and numerical studies of the effects of temperature and dust on PV efficiency, as well as cooling and cleaning methods to improve system performance under extreme weather conditions. The paper also discusses the importance of integrated solutions that combine cleaning and cooling techniques to maintain PV efficiency and extend system lifespan, thereby supporting long-term sustainability in hostile environments.</p>