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<p>In this study, a three-dimensional transient model is developed to investigate heat transfer, mass transport, and reaction behavior during slow heating pyrolysis of centimeter-scale cedar wood particles. The model employs an intermediate-complexity kinetic scheme that captures both the endothermic and exothermic characteristics of biomass pyrolysis while maintaining computational efficiency for three-dimensional simulations. The governing equations of mass, momentum, and energy conservation are solved to predict the temporal and spatial evolution of temperature, pressure, solid phases, and volatile products inside cubic wood particles. The model is validated against macro-thermogravimetric analysis (macro-TGA) experimental data at a heating rate of 10&#xa0;K/min, showing good agreement in terms of solid mass fraction and surface temperature evolution. The effects of heating rate and sample size on internal heat transfer, reaction behavior, and product distribution are then systematically analyzed. The results indicate that higher heating rates significantly shorten the pyrolysis time and reduce char yield, whereas larger sample sizes intensify internal heat and mass transfer limitations, leading to prolonged reaction times and enhanced secondary reactions. The combined influence of heating rate and sample size strongly affects tar, gas, and char yields, particularly for large particles where tar retention and secondary conversion become dominant. This study provides valuable insights into the coupled effects of heat transfer and reaction kinetics during slow heating pyrolysis and offers guidance for the modeling, design, and optimization of fixed-bed biomass pyrolysis systems.</p>

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Heat, mass, and reaction modeling of slow heating pyrolysis of cubic cedar

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月25日

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  • Van Thong Nguyen,
  • Kieu Hiep Le

摘要

In this study, a three-dimensional transient model is developed to investigate heat transfer, mass transport, and reaction behavior during slow heating pyrolysis of centimeter-scale cedar wood particles. The model employs an intermediate-complexity kinetic scheme that captures both the endothermic and exothermic characteristics of biomass pyrolysis while maintaining computational efficiency for three-dimensional simulations. The governing equations of mass, momentum, and energy conservation are solved to predict the temporal and spatial evolution of temperature, pressure, solid phases, and volatile products inside cubic wood particles. The model is validated against macro-thermogravimetric analysis (macro-TGA) experimental data at a heating rate of 10 K/min, showing good agreement in terms of solid mass fraction and surface temperature evolution. The effects of heating rate and sample size on internal heat transfer, reaction behavior, and product distribution are then systematically analyzed. The results indicate that higher heating rates significantly shorten the pyrolysis time and reduce char yield, whereas larger sample sizes intensify internal heat and mass transfer limitations, leading to prolonged reaction times and enhanced secondary reactions. The combined influence of heating rate and sample size strongly affects tar, gas, and char yields, particularly for large particles where tar retention and secondary conversion become dominant. This study provides valuable insights into the coupled effects of heat transfer and reaction kinetics during slow heating pyrolysis and offers guidance for the modeling, design, and optimization of fixed-bed biomass pyrolysis systems.