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<p>Polar vessels face extreme operational challenges due to subzero temperatures, blizzards, and icing, which critically threaten their structural integrity and operational safety. The inherent complexity and variability of polar environments render conventional design specifications inadequate for accurately evaluating the coupled effects of external environmental factors and hull geometry on heat dissipation dynamics. This results in significant uncertainties in thermal protection energy assessments and elevated operational risks. To address this gap, this study conducts a comprehensive investigation into the multifactorial impacts of polar environmental conditions on heat dissipation mechanisms within thermal protection systems. By integrating heat transfer theory with systematic experimental analyses, we elucidate the evolutionary patterns of heat loss, reveal the intrinsic thermodynamic correlations governing these patterns, and develop rigorous mathematical models and computational frameworks for heat loss prediction, with particular emphasis on the role of convective heat transfer coefficients. The study reveals that, in high-wind polar environments, wind-driven convective losses dominate the fluid dynamics-induced heat dissipation processes. The temperature dependency of convective heat transfer coefficients for cylindrical hull structures becomes pronounced below -30&#xa0;°C, with further enhancement observed when wind speeds exceed 25&#xa0;m/s and ambient temperatures drop below -20&#xa0;°C. In calm polar conditions, natural convection becomes the primary heat loss pathway, where the natural convection heat transfer coefficient exhibits a nonlinear increase with elevated heating power and declining ambient temperatures. A quantitative criterion for natural convection dominance is established: when the Gr/Re2 falls below 0.003, natural convection effects become negligible, enabling simplified thermal management strategies. These outcomes provide critical theoretical support for optimizing polar vessel design, enhancing energy efficiency evaluations, and mitigating operational hazards in extreme cold environments.</p>

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Analysis and research on heat losses from tube for heating on arctic vessels and structures to anti-freezing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月24日

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  • Dongwei Yu,
  • Shanghua Wu,
  • Jian Liu,
  • Yuanchao Yin

摘要

Polar vessels face extreme operational challenges due to subzero temperatures, blizzards, and icing, which critically threaten their structural integrity and operational safety. The inherent complexity and variability of polar environments render conventional design specifications inadequate for accurately evaluating the coupled effects of external environmental factors and hull geometry on heat dissipation dynamics. This results in significant uncertainties in thermal protection energy assessments and elevated operational risks. To address this gap, this study conducts a comprehensive investigation into the multifactorial impacts of polar environmental conditions on heat dissipation mechanisms within thermal protection systems. By integrating heat transfer theory with systematic experimental analyses, we elucidate the evolutionary patterns of heat loss, reveal the intrinsic thermodynamic correlations governing these patterns, and develop rigorous mathematical models and computational frameworks for heat loss prediction, with particular emphasis on the role of convective heat transfer coefficients. The study reveals that, in high-wind polar environments, wind-driven convective losses dominate the fluid dynamics-induced heat dissipation processes. The temperature dependency of convective heat transfer coefficients for cylindrical hull structures becomes pronounced below -30 °C, with further enhancement observed when wind speeds exceed 25 m/s and ambient temperatures drop below -20 °C. In calm polar conditions, natural convection becomes the primary heat loss pathway, where the natural convection heat transfer coefficient exhibits a nonlinear increase with elevated heating power and declining ambient temperatures. A quantitative criterion for natural convection dominance is established: when the Gr/Re2 falls below 0.003, natural convection effects become negligible, enabling simplified thermal management strategies. These outcomes provide critical theoretical support for optimizing polar vessel design, enhancing energy efficiency evaluations, and mitigating operational hazards in extreme cold environments.