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<p><i>Ficopomatus enigmaticus</i> is a globally invasive, reef-building serpulid tubeworm. This work presents the first genetic assessment of the species in the Gulf of Mexico/Gulf of America, incorporating a two-year temporal dataset (2022–2024) and the first molecular analysis of seasonal and localized outbreaks in Galveston Bay, Texas (USA). Mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) sequences reveal two main genetic groups (Groups 1 and 2). Sixteen haplotypes were identified, six unique to Galveston Bay and ten shared with populations from the West Coast of North America, the Mediterranean, the Western Atlantic, East Asia, and Oceania, indicating strong genetic connectivity and a complex introduction history. Among the haplotypes, H15 was dominant across seasons, sites, years, and outbreaks, suggesting a key role in persistence and recolonization following population declines. This haplotype was also broadly distributed in eight countries and four continents. In Galveston Bay, <i>F. enigmaticus</i> occurred mainly in mesohaline sites, and two major localized outbreaks were observed at Kemah Boardwalk Marina in spring 2023 and spring 2024, each followed by a sharp decline. Population analyses based on site, season, year, and outbreak status revealed no significant differences. These findings highlight Galveston Bay as a hotspot for invasive serpulids as observed in previous studies and provide a foundation for understanding the temporal dynamics of marine invasions.</p>

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Haplotype diversity in a two-year survey of the invasive calcareous tubeworm Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Annelida: Serpulidae) in a subtropical estuary with high shipping traffic

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Vanessa Fernández-Rodríguez,
  • Elena Kupriyanova,
  • Anja Schulze

摘要

Ficopomatus enigmaticus is a globally invasive, reef-building serpulid tubeworm. This work presents the first genetic assessment of the species in the Gulf of Mexico/Gulf of America, incorporating a two-year temporal dataset (2022–2024) and the first molecular analysis of seasonal and localized outbreaks in Galveston Bay, Texas (USA). Mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) sequences reveal two main genetic groups (Groups 1 and 2). Sixteen haplotypes were identified, six unique to Galveston Bay and ten shared with populations from the West Coast of North America, the Mediterranean, the Western Atlantic, East Asia, and Oceania, indicating strong genetic connectivity and a complex introduction history. Among the haplotypes, H15 was dominant across seasons, sites, years, and outbreaks, suggesting a key role in persistence and recolonization following population declines. This haplotype was also broadly distributed in eight countries and four continents. In Galveston Bay, F. enigmaticus occurred mainly in mesohaline sites, and two major localized outbreaks were observed at Kemah Boardwalk Marina in spring 2023 and spring 2024, each followed by a sharp decline. Population analyses based on site, season, year, and outbreak status revealed no significant differences. These findings highlight Galveston Bay as a hotspot for invasive serpulids as observed in previous studies and provide a foundation for understanding the temporal dynamics of marine invasions.