Pressurized liquid extraction for profiling wood metabolites by GC×GC-TOFMS
摘要
Wood is an essential resource, deeply embedded in cultures and industries. Reliable analytical methods are needed to improve chemical profiling approaches used in wood research and authentication studies. Metabolite profiling using gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) has previously been explored as a tool for characterizing wood chemical compositions. Forensic wood identification approaches include anatomical observation, DNA barcoding, and chemical profiling using direct analysis in real-time (DART) coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). While these methods have notable advantages, they face limitations, particularly in accurately identifying species and analyzing chemically treated wood products. Although GC-MS is not as rapid as DART, its ability to separate isomeric compounds prior to mass spectrometric detection offers enhanced specificity. A critical first step in GC-MS based profiling is the efficient extraction of metabolites from wood sample. Liquid extraction (LE) is a commonly used method for this purpose; however, conventional LE typically requires up to 18 h at room temperature. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) leverages high pressure and temperature to enhance solvent penetration and extraction efficiency, significantly reducing processing time. In this study, key PLE parameters, including sample mass, temperature, extraction time, and number of extraction cycles, were systematically optimized for wood sample extraction. The optimized PLE method was then compared with conventional LE and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). Results showed that PLE produced metabolite profiles comparable to those obtained using LE and UAE, while reducing total extraction time to 17 min. Although a small number of metabolites were only detected in PLE extracts, the overall chromatographic profiles were highly similar across the three methods. These results demonstrate that PLE is an effective and time-efficient alternative for wood metabolite extraction.