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<p>The remediation of water contaminated by refractory organic pollutants demands efficient, sustainable technologies. Semiconductor photocatalysis, particularly using visible-light-responsive bismuth vanadate (BiVO<sub>4</sub>), is a promising advanced oxidation process. However, the practical application of BiVO<sub>4</sub> is hindered by challenges such as rapid charge recombination and difficult recovery. To address these issues, natural wood with its hierarchical porous structure serves as an ideal functional substrate, yet its performance is highly dependent on the pretreatment conditions. Controlling the pyrolysis temperature of biomass substrates is a key strategy to improve the performance of supported photocatalysts. In this work, balsa wood was thermally treated at different temperatures ranging from 260&#xa0;°C to 500&#xa0;°C to modulate its hierarchical pore structure and chemical composition, followed by vacuum-assisted impregnation with a BiVO<sub>4</sub> precursor to fabricate BiVO<sub>4</sub>@wood composites. Specifically, pyrolysis at 260&#xa0;°C preserved the natural honeycomb architecture and facilitated a uniform, film-like BiVO<sub>4</sub> coating, whereas higher temperatures (400&#xa0;°C, 500&#xa0;°C) caused structural collapse and resulted in dispersed BiVO<sub>4</sub> particles. Compositional analysis showed staged degradation: selective hemicellulose decomposition at 260&#xa0;°C produced an oxygen-rich porous network while retaining the cellulose framework, whereas temperatures ≥ 400&#xa0;°C led to complete cellulose decomposition and lignin carbonization, accompanied by surface oxygen depletion. Among the synthesized composites, the sample pyrolyzed at 260&#xa0;°C (IW-260) exhibited the most favorable features, including a well-preserved honeycomb architecture, enhanced porosity, abundant oxygen-containing functionalities, and the narrowest bandgap (1.50&#xa0;eV). These attributes enabled IW-260 to achieve a Rhodamine B degradation efficiency of 90.03% within 120&#xa0;min, significantly outperforming catalysts derived from higher-temperature substrates. This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of reduced optical interference from lignin, enhanced porosity from hemicellulose removal, and optimal BiVO<sub>4</sub> film formation. This study identifies 260&#xa0;°C as the optimal pyrolysis temperature for producing high-performance BiVO<sub>4</sub>@wood photocatalysts and provides fundamental insights for designing wood-based materials for advanced wastewater remediation.</p>

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Modulating hierarchical porosity and surface chemistry in wood-derived BiVO4 composites for enhanced photocatalysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Weiqi Leng,
  • Wei Tao,
  • Xuefei Jiang,
  • Davina Chloe De La Victoire Magni,
  • Sheng He,
  • Junfeng Wang,
  • Buyun Lu,
  • Jiangtao Shi,
  • Shengcheng Zhai

摘要

The remediation of water contaminated by refractory organic pollutants demands efficient, sustainable technologies. Semiconductor photocatalysis, particularly using visible-light-responsive bismuth vanadate (BiVO4), is a promising advanced oxidation process. However, the practical application of BiVO4 is hindered by challenges such as rapid charge recombination and difficult recovery. To address these issues, natural wood with its hierarchical porous structure serves as an ideal functional substrate, yet its performance is highly dependent on the pretreatment conditions. Controlling the pyrolysis temperature of biomass substrates is a key strategy to improve the performance of supported photocatalysts. In this work, balsa wood was thermally treated at different temperatures ranging from 260 °C to 500 °C to modulate its hierarchical pore structure and chemical composition, followed by vacuum-assisted impregnation with a BiVO4 precursor to fabricate BiVO4@wood composites. Specifically, pyrolysis at 260 °C preserved the natural honeycomb architecture and facilitated a uniform, film-like BiVO4 coating, whereas higher temperatures (400 °C, 500 °C) caused structural collapse and resulted in dispersed BiVO4 particles. Compositional analysis showed staged degradation: selective hemicellulose decomposition at 260 °C produced an oxygen-rich porous network while retaining the cellulose framework, whereas temperatures ≥ 400 °C led to complete cellulose decomposition and lignin carbonization, accompanied by surface oxygen depletion. Among the synthesized composites, the sample pyrolyzed at 260 °C (IW-260) exhibited the most favorable features, including a well-preserved honeycomb architecture, enhanced porosity, abundant oxygen-containing functionalities, and the narrowest bandgap (1.50 eV). These attributes enabled IW-260 to achieve a Rhodamine B degradation efficiency of 90.03% within 120 min, significantly outperforming catalysts derived from higher-temperature substrates. This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of reduced optical interference from lignin, enhanced porosity from hemicellulose removal, and optimal BiVO4 film formation. This study identifies 260 °C as the optimal pyrolysis temperature for producing high-performance BiVO4@wood photocatalysts and provides fundamental insights for designing wood-based materials for advanced wastewater remediation.