<p>A decorated surface <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">S</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\mathbb{S}}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an oriented topological surface with marked points on the boundary considered modulo the isotopy. We consider the moduli space <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">S</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\mathcal{M}}_{{\mathbb{S}}}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of hyperbolic structures on <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">S</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\mathbb{S}}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with geodesic boundary, such that the hyperbolic structure near each marked point is a cusp, equipped with a horocycle. The space <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">S</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\mathcal{M}}_{{\mathbb{S}}}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> carries a volume form <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\Omega $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Let us fix the set <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${{\mathrm{K}}}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of the distances between the horocycles at the adjacent cusps, and the set <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\mathrm{L}}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of the geodesic lengths of boundary circles without cusps. We get a subspace <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">S</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\mathcal{M}}_{{\mathbb{S}}}({{\mathrm{K}}}, {\mathrm{L}})$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with the induced volume form <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">S</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\Omega _{{\mathbb{S}}}({{{\mathrm{K}}}, {\mathrm{L}}})$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. However, if the cusps are present, the volume of the space <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">S</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\mathcal{M}}_{{\mathbb{S}}}({{\mathrm{K}}}, {\mathrm{L}})$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, or its variant without horocycles, is infinite. We introduce the <i>exponential volume form</i> <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>W</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$e^{-{W}}\Omega $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>W</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${W}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the <i>potential</i> - a positive function on <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">S</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\mathcal{M}}_{{\mathbb{S}}}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, given by the sum over the cusps of the hyperbolic areas under the horocycles. We show that the following <i>exponential volume</i> is finite: <Equation ID="Equ1"> <EquationNumber>1</EquationNumber> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">S</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>W</mi> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">S</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>.</mo> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \int _{{\mathcal{M}}_{{\mathbb{S}}}({{\mathrm{K}}}, {\mathrm{L}})}e^{-{W}}\Omega _{{ \mathbb{S}}}({{{\mathrm{K}}}, {\mathrm{L}}}). \)</EquationSource> </Equation> We suggest that moduli spaces <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">S</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\mathcal{M}}_{{\mathbb{S}}}({{\mathrm{K}}}, {\mathrm{L}})$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with the exponential volume forms are the true analogs of moduli spaces <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mrow> <mi>g</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\mathcal{M}}_{g,n}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with the Weil–Petersson volume form, e.g. relevant to the open string theory. We prove <i>unfolding formulas</i>, expressing integrals <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">S</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mi>f</mi> <mspace width="0.25em" /> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>W</mi> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">S</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\int _{{\mathcal{M}}_{{\mathbb{S}}}({{\mathrm{K}}}, {\mathrm{L}})}f\ e^{-{W}}\Omega _{{ \mathbb{S}}}({{{\mathrm{K}}}, {\mathrm{L}}})$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>f</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$f$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an integrable function, as finite sums of similar integrals for the three <i>elementary decorated surfaces</i>. They generalise Mirzakhani’s recursions for the volumes of moduli spaces of hyperbolic surfaces. We show that exponential volumes for elementary decorated surfaces give rise to a commutative algebra ℰ, which we call the <i>positive Hecke-Whittaker algebra for</i> <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">PGL</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\mathrm{PGL}}_{2}({\mathbb{R}})$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Exponential volumes for all decorated surfaces and unfolding formulas extend the algebra ℰ to all decorated surfaces.</p>

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Exponential volumes of moduli spaces of hyperbolic surfaces

  • Alexander B. Goncharov,
  • Zhe Sun

摘要

A decorated surface S ${\mathbb{S}}$ is an oriented topological surface with marked points on the boundary considered modulo the isotopy. We consider the moduli space M S ${\mathcal{M}}_{{\mathbb{S}}}$ of hyperbolic structures on S ${\mathbb{S}}$ with geodesic boundary, such that the hyperbolic structure near each marked point is a cusp, equipped with a horocycle. The space M S ${\mathcal{M}}_{{\mathbb{S}}}$ carries a volume form Ω $\Omega $ . Let us fix the set K ${{\mathrm{K}}}$ of the distances between the horocycles at the adjacent cusps, and the set L ${\mathrm{L}}$ of the geodesic lengths of boundary circles without cusps. We get a subspace M S ( K , L ) ${\mathcal{M}}_{{\mathbb{S}}}({{\mathrm{K}}}, {\mathrm{L}})$ with the induced volume form Ω S ( K , L ) $\Omega _{{\mathbb{S}}}({{{\mathrm{K}}}, {\mathrm{L}}})$ . However, if the cusps are present, the volume of the space M S ( K , L ) ${\mathcal{M}}_{{\mathbb{S}}}({{\mathrm{K}}}, {\mathrm{L}})$ , or its variant without horocycles, is infinite. We introduce the exponential volume form e W Ω $e^{-{W}}\Omega $ , where W ${W}$ is the potential - a positive function on M S ${\mathcal{M}}_{{\mathbb{S}}}$ , given by the sum over the cusps of the hyperbolic areas under the horocycles. We show that the following exponential volume is finite: 1 M S ( K , L ) e W Ω S ( K , L ) . \( \int _{{\mathcal{M}}_{{\mathbb{S}}}({{\mathrm{K}}}, {\mathrm{L}})}e^{-{W}}\Omega _{{ \mathbb{S}}}({{{\mathrm{K}}}, {\mathrm{L}}}). \) We suggest that moduli spaces M S ( K , L ) ${\mathcal{M}}_{{\mathbb{S}}}({{\mathrm{K}}}, {\mathrm{L}})$ with the exponential volume forms are the true analogs of moduli spaces M g , n ${\mathcal{M}}_{g,n}$ with the Weil–Petersson volume form, e.g. relevant to the open string theory. We prove unfolding formulas, expressing integrals M S ( K , L ) f e W Ω S ( K , L ) $\int _{{\mathcal{M}}_{{\mathbb{S}}}({{\mathrm{K}}}, {\mathrm{L}})}f\ e^{-{W}}\Omega _{{ \mathbb{S}}}({{{\mathrm{K}}}, {\mathrm{L}}})$ , where f $f$ is an integrable function, as finite sums of similar integrals for the three elementary decorated surfaces. They generalise Mirzakhani’s recursions for the volumes of moduli spaces of hyperbolic surfaces. We show that exponential volumes for elementary decorated surfaces give rise to a commutative algebra ℰ, which we call the positive Hecke-Whittaker algebra for PGL 2 ( R ) ${\mathrm{PGL}}_{2}({\mathbb{R}})$ . Exponential volumes for all decorated surfaces and unfolding formulas extend the algebra ℰ to all decorated surfaces.